Table 2a.
The experimental evidence of N. sativa and its constituents effects on asthma
| Plant preparations |
Dose
/route of administration/
treatment period |
Study models | Effects | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro | Aqueous-methanol extract of N. sativa seeds and its petroleum ether fraction | 0.01-10.00 mg/ml | Guinea pig tracheal chains | Inhibition of K+-induced contractions in trachea Bronchodilatory and calcium antagonist activities |
(Gilani et al., 2001 ▶) |
| N. sativa fractions | 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0g% | Guinea pig tracheal chains | Tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effect | (Boskabady et al., 2008 ▶) | |
| Constituents of 20% N. sativa methanolic fraction | 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/l | Guinea pig model of asthma | Tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effect | (Keyhanmanesh et al., 2013 ▶) | |
| TQ | - | Guinea pig tracheal chains | A concentration-dependent decrease in the tension of carbachol-precontracted tracheal smooth muscle | (Al-Majed et al., 2001 ▶) | |
| In vivo | N. sativa | - | Conalbumin sensitized mice | Reduced blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a levels, cytokine profiles and inflammatory cells in lung tissue | (Abbas et al., 2005 ▶) |
| N. sativa oil | 0.5 ml/kg or 2.5 ml/kg (oral, for 3 weeks) | OVA- sensitized guinea pigs | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects | (Saleh et al., 2012 ▶) | |
| N. sativa oil | 1 and 4ml/kg/day for 31 day (oral, for 31 days) | OVA-induced mice | Decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, total WBC, macrophages and eosinophils counts, levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 Increased BALF level of IFN-γ and serum level of OVA-specific IgG2a |
(Balaha et al., 2012 ▶) | |
| N. sativa methanolic fraction | 3mg/kg (i.p. single dose) | Guinea pig tracheal chains | Decreased tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OVA, pathological changes and BALF eosinophil | (Keyhanmanesh et al., 2014 ▶) | |
| TQ | 3mg/kg for 5 days (i.p. for 5 days) | OVA- sensitized guinea pigs | Decreased tracheal responsiveness to acetylcholine and histamine | (El Aziz et al., 2011 ▶) | |
| TQ | 3mg/kg/ day for 5 days (i.p. for 5 days) | OVA- sensitized mice | Inhibited 5-lipoxygenase Reduced the levels of LTB4, LTC4 and Th2 cytokines Decreased BALF and lung tissue eosinophilia |
(El Gazzar et al., 2006 ▶) | |
| Alpha-hederin | 0.02 mg/kg (i.p. single dose) | OVA- sensitized rats | Decreased the levels of miRNA-126, IL-13 mRNA and pathological changes | (Fallahi et al., 2016 ▶) | |
| Alpha-hederin | 0.02 mg/kg (i.p. single dose) | OVA- sensitized rats | Decreased IL-2 and IL-17 mRNA levels and increased miRNA-133a gene expression | (Ebrahimi et al., 2016 ▶) | |
| Alpha-hederin | 0.3 and 3 mg/kg (i.p. single dose) | OVA- sensitized guinea pigs. | Reduced tracheal responsiveness Decreased total WBC and eosinophil counts |
(Saadat et al., 2015 ▶) | |
| Alpha-hederin | 0.3 and 3 mg/kg (i.p. single dose) | OVA- sensitized guinea pigs | Decreased blood levels of IL-4 and IL-17 Increased levels of IFN-γ |
(Keyhanmanesh et al., 2015 ▶) |
OVA: ovalbumin, BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, i.p.: intraperitoneal.