Table 4.
CGAs and caffeine contents of roasted and ground coffees*.
| No | Sample | 3-CQA | 5-CQA | 4-CQA | 3,4-diCQA | 3.5-diCQA | 4,5-diCQA | 3-FQA | Total CGAs | caffeine | Caffeine/CGAs | Country of origin | Roasting degree | Types of coffee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/L) | (mg/serving of 200 mL) | (mg/serving of 200 mL) | ratio | |||||
| 48 | RG 1 | 144.7 | 370.2 | 197.8 | 712.7 | 13.3 | 8.0 | 11.8 | 291.7 | 111.7 | 0.4 | Brazil | Light | Arabica |
| 49 | RG 2 | 130.1 | 300.6 | 172.5 | 603.2 | 11.1 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 246.7 | 101.1 | 0.4 | Colombia | Medium | Arabica |
| 50 | RG 3 | 119.4 | 316.8 | 162.5 | 598.7 | 11.1 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 245.1 | 97.2 | 0.4 | Costa Rica | Medium | Arabica |
| 51 | RG 4 | 116.5 | 300.9 | 159.5 | 577.0 | 10.7 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 236.1 | 102.1 | 0.4 | Ethiopia | Medium | Arabica |
| 52 | RG 5 | 122.2 | 286.4 | 161.6 | 570.2 | 13.8 | 8.0 | 11.5 | 234.7 | 100.9 | 0.4 | Ethiopia | Medium | Arabica |
| 53 | RG 6 | 120.2 | 289.3 | 162.3 | 571.8 | 12.4 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 234.7 | 107.0 | 0.5 | Guatemala | Medium/strong | Arabica |
| 54 | RG 7 | 102.2 | 218.8 | 135.7 | 456.7 | 9.1 | 4.7 | 6.9 | 186.8 | 113.2 | 0.6 | Honduras | Medium | Arabica |
| 55 | RG 8 | 73.5 | 161.5 | 97.8 | 332.8 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 136.1 | 97.4 | 0.7 | Indonesia | Strong | Arabica |
| 56 | RG 9 | 58.3 | 136.4 | 79.8 | 274.5 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 112.2 | 68.4 | 0.6 | Kenya | Light | Arabica |
| 57 | RG 10 | 56.6 | 132.2 | 76.9 | 265.7 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 108.9 | 72.0 | 0.7 | Uganda | Medium | Arabica |
| 58 | RG 11 | 54.4 | 121.6 | 72.4 | 248.3 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 101.6 | 74.5 | 0.7 | Peru | Medium | Arabica |
| Mean | 99.8 ± 33.0† | 239.5 ± 88.2† | 134.4 ± 44.6† | 473.8 ± 165.2† | 9.3 ± 3.5† | 5.4 ± 2.1† | 8.0 ± 3.0† | 194.1 ± 67.7† | 95.0 ± 15.9‡ | 0.5 ± 0.1‡ | ||||
| 59 | BRG 1 | 76.8 | 177.6 | 103.8 | 358.3 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 4.7 | 146.0 | 113.2 | 0.8 | N.A. | Medium | Arabica 95%, Robusta 5% |
| 60 | BRG 2 | 75.3 | 151.7 | 99.4 | 326.3 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 133.5 | 100.3 | 0.8 | N.A. | Medium | Arabica |
| 61 | BRG 3 | 66.3 | 135.4 | 87.7 | 289.3 | 6.6 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 118.8 | 92.8 | 0.8 | N.A. | Strong | Arabica 90%, Robusta 10% |
| 62 | BRG 4 | 47.2 | 105.6 | 65.0 | 217.7 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 88.9 | 90.3 | 1.0 | Colombia, Brazil | Medium | Arabica |
| 63 | BRG 5 | 42.7 | 87.7 | 56.9 | 187.3 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 76.4 | 136.9 | 1.8 | Brazil, Honduras, Indonesia | Medium/strong | Arabica |
| 64 | BRG 6 | 14.9 | 30.7 | 20.1 | 65.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 27.0 | 124.0 | 4.6 | N.A. | Strong | Arabica |
| Mean | 53.8 ± 23.8† | 114.8 ± 52.2† | 72.1 ± 31.6† | 240.8 ± 107.3† | 4.4 ± 2.2† | 2.5 ± 1.0† | 3.6 ± 1.5† | 98.4 ± 43.8† | 109.6 ± 18.5‡ | 1.6 ± 1.5‡ | ||||
| 65 | RGB 7 | 106.8 | 235.7 | 140.5 | 483.0 | 9.3 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 197.5 | below LOQ | Colombia | N.A. | Arabica | |
Samples refer to as unblended roasted and ground coffee (RG 1–11), blended roasted and ground coffee (BRG 1–6) and blended roasted, ground, and decaffeinated coffee (RGB 7).
The serving size of 18 samples ranged from 270 to 410 mL.
In the same columns, from 3-CQA to caffeine/CGAs ratio except for caffeine and caffeine/CGAs ratio, there is a significant difference (†P < 0.05) between 2 groups (unblended roasted and ground coffee (RG 1–11) and blended roasted and ground coffee (BRG 1–6)) based on a t-test at 5% probability (P < 0.05).
In the same columns, caffeine and caffeine/CGAs ratio, there is no significant difference between 2 groups (unblended roasted and ground coffee (RG 1–11) and blended roasted and ground coffee (BRG 1–6)) based on a t-test. ‡ P > 0.05.
Data expressed as the mean value. Standard deviation < 7% of the mean in all instances (n = 3).