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. 2019 May 9;24:101209. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101209

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Induction of hepatocellular hepcidin in macrophage/hepatocyte co-cultures under low oxygen levels is mediated by STAT3 but not BMP signaling pathway. A) Hepcidin mRNA as well as Stat3 protein levels are increased in hepatocyte/macrophage co-cultures using different (patho-)physiologic cell ratios and low oxygen levels. B) Smad7 mRNA as well as Smad1/5/8 protein levels are not significantly changed in hepatocyte/macrophage co-cultures using different (patho-)physiologic cell ratios and low oxygen levels. qRT-PCR results are presented as mean of target mRNAs normalized to β2-microglobulin ± SD. Western Blots are representatives of three independent experiments. Significant differences are marked by asterisks (***, P < 0.001).