Table 4.
The relationship between measures of body mass index and body composition and mode of commuting
| Variable | BMI z-score percentile categories | ln(FMI) z-score percentile categories | FFMI z-score percentile categories | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wald Chi-Squared = 82.02; p < .001 | Wald Chi-Squared = 46.21; p < .001 | Wald Chi-Squared = 87.64; p < .001 | ||||
| Level 1 | O.R. [95% C.I.] | p-value | O.R. [95% C.I.] | p-value | O.R. [95% C.I.] | p-value |
| Commuting mode (reference: passive) | ||||||
| Mixed | 0.471 [0.112–1.979] | .304 | 0.584 [0.099–3.463] | .554 | 0.751 [0.138–4.076] | .740 |
| Active | 0.678 [0.531–0.865] | .002** | 0.679 [0.499–0.922] | .013* | 0.918 [0.665–1.267] | .603 |
| Disagreement | 1.028 [0.769–1.375] | .850 | 0.994 [0.696–1.419] | .972 | 1.451 [0.998–2.110] | .051 |
| Sex (reference: female) | ||||||
| Male | 0.856 [0.698–1.050] | .136 | 0.987 [0.763–1.275] | .918 | 1.085 [0.833–1.414] | .546 |
| Age at test | 1.118 [1.049–1.191] | .001** | 1.012 [0.935–1.095] | .770 | 1.034 [0.951–1.123] | .436 |
| Ethnicity (reference: white/other) | ||||||
| Black | 1.459 [1.104–1.927] | .008** | 1.698 [1.191–2.420] | .003** | 1.547 [1.084–2.209] | .016* |
| South Asian | 0.606 [0.453–0.813] | .001** | 1.302 [0.924–1.837] | .132 | 0.248 [0.153–0.401] | <.001*** |
| Family Affluence Scale (reference: low) | ||||||
| Moderate | 1.093 [0.738–1.618] | .658 | 1.208 [0.737–1.981] | .453 | 1.382 [0.827–2.307] | .217 |
| High | 1.024 [0.641–1.638] | .920 | 1.574 [0.875–2.832] | .130 | 1.888 [1.026–3.474] | .041* |
| Free school lunches (reference: no) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.412 [1.078–1.851] | .012* | 1.633 [1.178–2.265] | .003** | 1.534 [1.081–2.177] | .017* |
| Cars owned (reference: 0) | ||||||
| 1 | 0.961 [0.727–1.269] | .777 | 1.008 [0.713–1.426] | .964 | 0.990 [0.691–1.417] | .955 |
| 2 | 0.978 [0.679–1.409] | .904 | 0.819 [0.515–1.300] | .397 | 0.664 [0.407–1.082] | .100 |
| Multiple Deprivation Index (reference: low) | ||||||
| Intermediate | 1.265 [0.910–1.760] | .162 | 1.132 [0.747–1.714] | .559 | 1.317 [0.849–2.043] | .219 |
| High | 1.407 [1.010–1.961] | .043* | 1.417 [0.949–2.116] | .089 | 1.332 [0.846–2.097] | .216 |
| Level 2: Variance on School Level | 0.045 [0.009–0.210] | 0.036 [0.005–0.291] | 0.092 [0.019–0.441] | |||
O.R. Odds Ratio, C.I. Confidence Interval, BMI Body Mass Index, FMI Fat Mass Index, FFMI Fat-Free Mass Index
*: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001
Significant associations (p < .05) on the first level of the multilevel model are in bold