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. 2019 Apr 6;7(5):1634–1644. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.995

Table 4.

Concentrations of elements in Croatian, Slovenian and Austrian virgin pumpkin seed oils from 2012

Element Croatia (n = 31) Slovenia (n = 9) Austria (n = 6)
Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Range
Li <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Na* 6.881 ± 5.509a <LOQ–19.169 45.846 ± 58.041b <LOQ–130.234 149.420 ± 12.066c 136.062–164.641
K* 20.608 ± 15.051a 5.298–83.713 42.397 ± 26.643b <LOQ–83.627 85.470 ± 22.249c 62.414–112.618
Ba* 0.062 ± 0.029a <LOQ–0.142 0.068 ± 0.027 a,b 0.043–0.131 0.086 ± 0.031b 0.058–0.132
Ca* 12.372 ± 6.795a 2.334–27.231 9.475 ± 6.057a <LOQ–18.688 33.628 ± 14.895b 19.915–52.245
Mg* 32.173 ± 14.533a 11.856–62.154 32.146 ± 19.542b <LOQ–61.571 115.440 ± 22.528b 91.079–142.785
Be <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Sr* 0.002 ± 0.010a <LOQ–0.049 0.059 ± 0.043b <LOQ–0.148 0.045 ± 0.030b 0.018–0.082
Cr <LOQa <LOQ 0.005 ± 0.014a <LOQ–0.041 <LOQa <LOQ
Mo <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Zn <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Co 0.015 ± 0.017a <LOQ–0.042 0.011 ± 0.017a <LOQ–0.035 0.012 ± 0.018a <LOQ–0.038
Ni <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Mn 0.190 ± 0.098a 0.060–0.370 0.182 ± 0.085a 0.070–0.337 0.564 ± 0.209b 0.368–0.839
Cu* 0.998 ± 0.901a <LOQ–3.821 0.009 ± 0.028b <LOQ–0.083 <LOQb <LOQ
Fe 3.123 ± 3.455a <LOQ–25.408 2.664 ± 1.431a 0.213–4.564 2.648 ± 1.236a 1.550–4.333
Ag <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
V <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Cd <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Pb <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Se* 2.697 ± 0.683a 1.803–5.209 1.968 ± 0.337b 1.681–2.653 2.135 ± 0.537a,b 1.591–3.150
Sn* 0.635 ± 0.550a <LOQ–1.703 1.367 ± 0.243b 1.132–1.962 1.930 ± 0.458b 1.119–2.304
Al 0.943 ± 1.213a <LOQ–6.696 0.796 ± 1.314a <LOQ–4.128 1.203 ± 2.351a <LOQ–5.993
B 0.287 ± 0.620a <LOQ–1.540 <LOQa <LOQ <LOQa <LOQ
Bi* 0.027 ± 0.036a <LOQ–0.100 <LOQb <LOQ <LOQb <LOQ
Tl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Ga 0.008 ± 0.038a <LOQ–0.195 <LOQa <LOQ <LOQa <LOQ
La <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Te <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Sb <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Si <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
As <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

<LOQ: below the limit of quantification.

Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences between samples (Tukey test, p ≤ 0.05).

*

Significant influence of country of origin (p ≤ 0.05).