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. 2019 Apr 2;7(5):1695–1703. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of interventions using high glucose (a) and different drug concentrations (b, c, and d) on cell proliferation of INS‐1 cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) kit. Insulin‐releasing stimulation index (ISI) was enhanced by metformin and reduced by high glucose, chloroquine, and Ex527 (e). H + CQ: high glucose culture with 5 μmol/L chloroquine; H + Ex527: high glucose culture with 0.1 μmol/L Ex527; H + Met: high glucose culture with 5 μmol/L metformin; H: high glucose culture; N: normal glucose culture medium. The ISI = GSIS/BIS, GSIS, and BIS represented the concentration of insulin in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer containing 16.7 and 2.8 mmol/L glucose, respectively. *p < 0.05 compared with the N group and # p < 0.05 compared with the H group