Figure 2.

The expression of the proteins associated with autophagy (a and b), apoptosis (c and d), and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway (e and f). The expression of proteins was evaluated by Western blot (a, c, and e), and relative expression of each protein was statistically analyzed by optical density of bands (b, d, and f). The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD) from independent experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 represented the significant difference, very significant difference, and every highly significant difference when compared with the N group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, and ^### p < 0.001 represented the significant difference, very significant difference, and every highly significant difference when compared with the H group