Figure 3.

Metformin‐induced autophagy and irisin improves INS‐1 cell function and survival in high‐glucose medium through activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway. High glucose down‐regulated AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway, irisin, and autophagy, induced apoptosis, and reduced INS‐1 cell function and survival, thus inducing diabetes mellitus. Autophagy inhibitor CQ and SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 could suppress AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway, irisin, and autophagy, induce apoptosis, and exacerbate diabetes mellitus