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. 2019 May 13;14:3503–3516. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S202379

Figure 2.

Figure 2

NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages and monocytes induced by arginine-containing cationic liposomes. LPS (1 ng/mL)-primed human macrophages (A), LPS (100 ng/mL)-primed immortalized murine macrophages (B), and PMA (100 nM)-primed THP-1 cells (C) were incubated with 100 μM or 50 μM cationic liposomes for 18 hrs. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation was evaluated by the release of IL-1ß using human or murine IL-1ß ELISA kit. Data show the mean + SD of three replicates; **P<0.01. (D) NLRP3 inhibitor CP-456773 and caspase-1 (casp-1) inhibitor VX765 suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by A3C14 and A5C14 liposomes. 5 μM NLRP3 inhibitor CP-456773 (also known as CRID3) or 25 μM casp-1 inhibitor VX765 was added to the LPS-primed human macrophages prior to the addition of 100 μM liposomes. The release of IL-1β was detected by HTRF and the inhibition rate was calculated to indicate the suppression level of IL-1β by each inhibitor. Data show the mean + SE of two independent experiments (ie, macrophages were collected from two different donors and the measurements were performed at different days) with two replicates, respectively.