Table 1.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample.
| Categorical variables | HC (%) | UHR (%) | χ2 (DOF) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 3.0 (1) | 0.81 | |||
| Male | 5 (31.3) | 18 (58.1) | |||
| Female | 11 (68.8) | 13 (40.9) | |||
| Ethnicity | 8.0 (3) | 0.220 | |||
| White | 12 (75) | 17 (54.8) | |||
| Black | 1 (6.3) | 11 (35.5) | |||
| Asian | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | |||
| Other | 1 (6.3) | 2 (6.5) | |||
| Employment | 5 (1) | 0.025* | |||
| Unemployed | 1 (6.3) | 11 (35.5) | |||
| Employed or student | 15 (93.8) | 19 (61.3) | |||
| UHR subgroup | |||||
| APS | n.a. | 29 (90.3) | n.a. | ||
| BLIPS | n.a. | 2 (6.5) | n.a. | ||
| GRD | n.a. | 1 (3.2) | n.a. | ||
| Continuous variables | HC (SD) | UHR (SD) | F (DOF) | p | |
| Age | 24.9 (3.3) | 23.3 (4.3) | 2.3 (45) | 0.204 | |
| Years of education | 16.2 (3.21) | 12.8 (2.3) | 2 (44) | 0.01* | |
| NART | tot 50 | 28.7 (7.6) | 27.9 | 0.04 (42) | 0.736 |
| EASE | |||||
| Overall | 6.5 (8.2) | 117.3 (68.6) | 15.0 (45) | <0.001* | |
| Cognition and stream of consciousness | 2.7 (5) | 42.4 (23.2) | 33.6 (45) | <0.001* | |
| Self-awareness and presence | 1.8 (3.7) | 49.5 (27.3) | 15.6 (45) | <0.001* | |
| Bodily experiences | 0.19 (0.75) | 11.8 (12.8) | 12.9 (45) | <0.001* | |
| Demarcation/transitivism | 0 (0) | 3.4 (5.3) | 9.0 (45) | <0.001* | |
| Existential reorientation | 1.50 (3.8) | 10.9 (10) | 20.6 (45) | <0.001* | |
| SOFAS | 92.4 (3.3) | 60.0 | 14.4 (41) | <0.001 | |
| HAM-A | 1.5 (1.7) | 16.8 (10.7) | 26.3 (36) | <0.001 | |
| HAM-D | 0.2 (0.6) | 15.8 (10) | 22.4 (35) | <0.001 | |
| CAARMS | Total symptoms | n.a. | 39.6 (24.0) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Total positive symptoms | n.a. | 11.39 (6.1) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Total negative symptoms | n.a. | 7.9 (6.1) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Total cognitive symptoms | n.a. | 3.4 | n.a. | n.a. | |
| PANSS | Total symptoms | n.a. | 12.6 | n.a. | n.a. |
*Significant differences at p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons. HC, healthy controls; UHR, ultra-high risk for psychosis; APS, attenuated psychotic symptoms; BLIPS, brief, limited intermittent psychotic symptom; GRD; genetic risk + functional deterioration; NART, National Adult Reading Test; EASE, Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience; SOFAS, Social and Occupation Functioning Assessment Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale; DOF, degrees of freedom; SD, standard deviation; n.a., not available; tot, total.