Proposed Qualitative Relationships of Light to Moderate or Heavier Alcohol Consumption (Relative to Abstention) and Cigarette Smoking to Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors

	Light to Moderate Alcohol Intake	Heavier Alcohol Intake	Cigarette Smoking
Cardiovascular Disease
Myocardial Infarction	↓	↑	↑↑
Ischemic Stroke	↔	↑↑	↑↑
Hemorrhagic Stroke	↑	↑↑	↑↑
Congestive Heart Failure	↓	↑↑	↑↑
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
HDL-C	↑↑	↑↑	↓
Triglycerides	↑	↑↑	↑↑
Blood Pressure	↔	↑↑	↑
CRP	↓	↔	↑↑
Platelet Function	↓	↓ ↓	↑↑