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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2019 Jul;35(2):265–276. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.007

Figure 2. Spontaneous LOS.

Figure 2.

Case 1 (top)– A post-term 86 Kg (normal birth at birth = 40 to 50 kg) Holstein bull calf was delivered by emergency C-section due to dystocia. The calf was macrosomic, had a marked omphalocoele and macroglossia (right picture). The calf was mentally inappropriate and was euthanized at 1 day of age. Immunohistochemistry of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus could not demonstrate an aberration that could explain the macrosomia. Case 2 (middle) - A pre-term 63 Kg Brown Swiss heifer (normal weight at birth ~ 45 Kg) calf was delivered by planned C-section. The cow was referred for her large size approximately 2 weeks prior to being term. The calf was mentally appropriate at delivery and had an omphalocoelce and bilateral flexural deformities of the front metacarpo-phanalngeal joint. The ompahlocoele was corrected surgically (picture on the right) and the flexural deformities by splints and physical therapy. The calf was discharged in good health and is apparently still performing well. Case 3 (bottom) - One day old Holstein-Friesian calf showing typical signs associated with LOS including absolute macrosomia, omphalocele, and asymmetry of the pinna. The calf presented in respiratory distress and was later euthanized.