Table 2:
Multivariate Logistic Regression Results Examining the Effect of LHD Activities on Probability of Having an SUD-Related ED Visit
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Policy | Prevention | Policy | Prevention | ||||
| OR | p | OR | p | OR | p | OR | p | |
| LHD activities | ||||||||
| Policy | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.00 | ||||
| Prevention | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.17 | ||||
| Individual Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.00 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
| African American | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.00 |
| Latino | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 |
| Other | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Uninsured | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||
| Medicare | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 |
| Medicaid | 1.05 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.00 |
| Private | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.00 |
| No Charge | 1.03 | 0.33 | 0.98 | 0.42 | 1.02 | 0.36 | 0.98 | 0.39 |
| Other | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 |
| LHD FTEs | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.49 |
| Contextual Factors | ||||||||
| County Total Population in 1,000s | 1.00 | 0.51 | 1.00 | 0.20 | ||||
| % White | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.19 | ||||
| % African American | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.01 | ||||
| % Population <65 years who were insured | 1.01 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.68 | ||||
| % Urban Population | 1.00 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Median Household Income | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.19 | ||||
| % Employed | 0.99 | 0.16 | 1.01 | 0.18 | ||||
| % Population >=25 years old had no high school degree | 0.95 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.91 | ||||
| Number of Community Mental Health Centers | 0.98 | 0.71 | 1.11 | 0.00 | ||||
| Number of Federally Qualified Health Centers | 1.03 | 0.00 | 1.03 | 0.00 | ||||
| Number of Primary Care Physicians Per 1,000 county population | 1.40 | 0.04 | 1.03 | 0.81 | ||||
| Number of Specialists Per 1,000 county population | 0.79 | 0.01 | 0.88 | 0.09 | ||||
| Number of Hospitals | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.26 | ||||
| Hospital Fixed Effect | Controlled | Controlled | Controlled | Controlled | ||||
Notes: Individual hospital ID was controlled in all models, but results not reported.
In the estimation of the effect of LHD policy on ED visits, data of Montgomery County were not included. Montgomery County Health Department did not report this measure in 2012.
Data source: The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) National Profile of Local Health Departments 2012; HCUP State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) data from the state of Maryland for 2012; Area Health Resource File 2013