Table 2.
Pretest ANOVA | Posttest ANCOVA | Posttest-pretest ANCOVA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | D | F | P | d | F | P | d | |
Autonomy | 64.77 | .00 | .52 | 211.17 | .00 | .88 | 79.70 | .00 | .72 |
Competence | 23.84 | .00 | .28 | 75.48 | .00 | .55 | 13.97 | .00 | .18 |
Relatedness | 1.86 | .18 | .14 | 43.71 | .00 | .59 | 32.87 | .00 | .35 |
Intrinsic motivation | 4.89 | .03 | .06 | 229.12 | .00 | .88 | 19.92 | .00 | .24 |
Identified regulation | 7.62 | .01 | .10 | 676.90 | .00 | .96 | 1.26 | .27 | .00 |
Introjected regulation | 4.77 | .03 | .06 | 159.83 | .00 | .84 | 12.65 | .00 | .16 |
External regulation | .89 | .35 | .00 | 73.37 | .00 | .71 | 29.99 | .00 | .33 |
Demotivation | 4.80 | .03 | .06 | 158.76 | .00 | .84 | 1.53 | .22 | .01 |
SDI | .41 | .53 | .01 | 372.26 | .00 | .93 | 57.65 | .00 | .49 |
Enjoyment | 2.56 | .12 | .03 | 7.54 | .00 | .18 | 13.42 | .00 | .17 |
Note: SDI = Self-determination index