Table 1. Summary of population characteristics from the studies included in the systematic literature review.
| Study Characteristics | Full set of studies | NMA set of studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Total Studies | 196 | 32 | ||
| World Bank Regions | ||||
| East Asia and Pacific | 53 | 30.11 | 5 | 15.63 |
| South Asia | 74 | 42.05 | 23 | 71.88 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 16 | 9.09 | 4 | 12.50 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 6 | 3.41 | ||
| Latin America and Caribbean | 6 | 3.41 | ||
| Middle East and North Africa | 15 | 8.52 | ||
| Multiple | 5 | 2.84 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 0.57 | ||
| Patient Age Mix | ||||
| Adult | 17 | 9.83 | ||
| Adult/Child | 62 | 35.84 | ||
| Child | 40 | 23.12 | 32 | 100 |
| Unknown/Not reported | 54 | 31.21 | ||
| Typhoid Endemicity | ||||
| High | 121 | 68.36 | 28 | 87.50 |
| Medium | 47 | 26.55 | 4 | 12.50 |
| Low | 5 | 2.82 | ||
| Mixed | 3 | 1.69 | ||
| Unknown/Not reported | 1 | 0.56 | ||
| Patient Antibiotic Status | ||||
| Mixed | 20 | 11.56 | 5 | 15.63 |
| No | 12 | 6.94 | 1 | 3.13 |
| Unknown/Not reported | 125 | 72.25 | 24 | 75.00 |
| Yes | 16 | 9.25 | 2 | 6.25 |
| Volume of Sample Collected* | ||||
| <2 ml | 2 | 2.5 | 1 | 3.13 |
| 2-<5 ml | 19 | 23.75 | 8 | 25.00 |
| 5-<8 ml | 30 | 37.5 | 7 | 21.88 |
| ≥8 ml | 29 | 36.25 | 3 | 9.38 |
| Year of study publication | ||||
| Pre 1990 | 41 | 20.92 | 2 | 6.25 |
| 1990 to 1999 | 42 | 21.43 | 4 | 12.50 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 56 | 28.57 | 9 | 28.13 |
| 2010 to Present | 57 | 29.08 | 17 | 53.13 |
| Duration of Symptoms (days) | ||||
| <7 | 38 | 46.91 | 13 | 40.63 |
| 7–14 | 38 | 46.91 | 6 | 18.75 |
| ≥14 | 5 | 6.17 | ||
*Not reported in the majority of studies