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. 2019 May 8;13(5):e0007303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007303

Table 3. Pair-wise meta-analysis summary estimates of diagnostic test accuracy compared to blood culture from studies in child populations, by world bank regions.

Index test Region # of studies Sensitivity 95% Lower confidence limit 95% Upper confidence limit Specificity 95% Lower confidence limit 95% Upper confidence limit
Antibody (ELISA, IgG) East-Asia and Pacific 2 47% 40% 55% 52% 49% 55%
Antibody (ELISA, IgM) East-Asia and Pacific 2 63% 57% 69% 76% 74% 79%
Antibody (Lateral flow, IgM) East-Asia and Pacific 1 55% 39% 70% 98% 96% 99%
Antigen (Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)) East-Asia and Pacific 1 91% 59% 100% 96% 81% 100%
Antigen (TUBEX TP, O12) East-Asia and Pacific 1 100% 88% 100% 100% 93% 100%
PCR/DNA East-Asia and Pacific 1 41% 26% 57% 100% 99% 100%
Antibody (ELISA, IgA) South Asia 2 91% 79% 98% 79% 70% 86%
Antibody (ELISA, IgG or IgM) South Asia 1 74% 56% 87% 80% 74% 85%
Antibody (ELISA, IgG) South Asia 2 59% 45% 72% 71% 65% 77%
Antibody (ELISA, IgM) South Asia 2 75% 62% 86% 78% 72% 83%
Antibody (Enterocheck WB, IgM) South Asia 1 85% 73% 94% 89% 85% 92%
Antibody (Lateral flow, IgG) South Asia 1 98% 90% 100% 78% 68% 86%
Antibody (Lateral flow, IgM or IgG) South Asia 1 69% 57% 79% 71% 65% 77%
Antibody (TPT test, S. Typhi specific IgA) South Asia 2 100% 94% 100% 69% 62% 75%
Antibody (TUBEX, IgM) South Asia 4 63% 55% 71% 84% 81% 88%
Antibody (Typhidot, IgG) South Asia 2 13% 4% 30% 33% 26% 41%
Antibody (Typhidot, IgM or IgG) South Asia 1 65% 44% 83% 66% 50% 80%
Antibody (Typhidot, IgM) South Asia 6 77% 70% 83% 60% 56% 65%
Antigen (Reverse Passive Hemagluttination) South Asia 1 100% 93% 100% 76% 66% 84%
Diazo South Asia 1 87% 69% 96% 86% 77% 93%
nested PCR (blood) South Asia 3 45% 34% 55% 83% 78% 88%
PCR/DNA South Asia 2 48% 27% 69% 84% 77% 90%
Widal (H) 1:160 (H) South Asia 1 30% 15% 49% 98% 89% 100%
Widal (H) 1:200 (H), 1:100 (O) South Asia 1 30% 15% 49% 91% 83% 96%
Widal (O or H) 1:80 (O or H) South Asia 1 92% 75% 99% 100% 29% 100%
Widal (O) 1:160 (O) South Asia 1 70% 51% 85% 94% 83% 99%
Widal (O) 1:180 (O) South Asia 1 63% 51% 73% 37% 31% 43%
Widal (O) 1:80 (O) South Asia 2 57% 49% 65% 74% 66% 80%
Widal slide (H) 1:160 (H) South Asia 1 86% 79% 91% 98% 93% 100%
Widal slide (O or H) 1:160 (O or H) South Asia 3 74% 65% 81% 68% 62% 74%
Widal slide (O) 1:80 (O) South Asia 1 71% 63% 78% 98% 93% 100%
Antibody (ELISA, total Ig) Sub-Saharan Africa 1 87% 74% 95% 75% 48% 93%
Antibody (TUBEX, IgM) Sub-Saharan Africa 1 79% 61% 91% 89% 81% 94%
PCR/DNA Sub-Saharan Africa 1 88% 64% 99% 86% 80% 90%
Widal (H) 1:80 (H) Sub-Saharan Africa 1 75% 48% 93% 95% 91% 98%
Widal (O) 1:80 (O) Sub-Saharan Africa 1 69% 41% 89% 96% 91% 98%