. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Popul Dev Rev. 2019 Feb 20;45(1):7–40. doi: 10.1111/padr.12228

TABLE 2.

Predominant mode of physician reimbursement, 18 high-income countries

	Predominant mode of physician reimbursement
Country	Primary care physicians	Outpatient specialists

Australia	FFS	FFS
Austria	FFS/Capitation	FFS
Belgium	FFS	FFS
Canada	FFS	FFS
Denmark	FFS/Capitation	Salary
Finland	Salary	Salary
France	FFS	FFS
Germany	FFS	FFS
Italy	Cap	Salary
Japan	FFS	FFS
Netherlands	Capitation	FFS
Norway	FFS/ Capitation	FFS/Salary
Portugal	Salary	Salary
Spain	Salary/ Capitation	Salary
Sweden	Salary	Salary
Switzerland	FFS	FFS
United Kingdom	Salary/ Capitation /FFS	Salary
United States	FFS/ Capitation /Salary	FFS

NOTES: FFS=fee-for-service