Table 3.
Summary of GEE Models Predicting Alcohol Craving Following Alcohol Cue Exposure as a Function of Mood Condition
| Alcohol Urge Questionnaire |
Single-Item Alcohol Craving Measure |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95% CI |
95% CI |
|||||||||
| Predictor | β | SE | LL | UL | p | β | SE | LL | UL | p |
| Water Cue Exposure | 0.593 | 0.073 | 0.450 | 0.736 | < .001 | 0.408 | 0.117 | 0.179 | 0.636 | < .001 |
| Mood Condition | ||||||||||
| General Unpleasant | − 0.193 | 0.153 | − 0.492 | 0.106 | .206 | − 0.252 | 0.119 | − 0.485 | − 0.020 | .033 |
| Neutral | − 0.467 | 0.144 | − 0.748 | − 0.185 | .001 | − 0.252 | 0.145 | − 0.536 | 0.031 | .081 |
| Stigma* | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Models with Covariates | ||||||||||
| Water Cue Exposure | 0.542 | 0.097 | 0.352 | 0.733 | < .001 | 0.310 | 0.144 | 0.028 | 0.591 | .031 |
| Mood Condition | ||||||||||
| General Unpleasant | − 0.149 | 0.159 | − 0.462 | 0.163 | .349 | − 0.246 | 0.105 | − 0.451 | − 0.041 | .019 |
| Neutral | − 0.121 | 0.352 | − 0.810 | 0.569 | .732 | − 0.043 | 0.280 | − 0.590 | 0.505 | .879 |
| Stigma* | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Person-Level Covariates | ||||||||||
| Picture valance rating | − 0.173 | 0.177 | − 0.521 | 0.174 | .328 | − 0.120 | 0.170 | − 0.453 | 0.213 | .481 |
| Sex (female) | 0.192 | 0.248 | − 0.294 | 0.678 | .438 | 0.140 | 0.286 | − 0.420 | 0.701 | .624 |
| AUD severity | 0.051 | 0.125 | − 0.194 | 0.295 | .685 | 0.297 | 0.260 | − 0.212 | 0.805 | .253 |
| Counterbalance | − 0.085 | 0.070 | − 0.222 | 0.051 | .220 | − 0.055 | 0.084 | − 0.219 | 0.109 | .513 |
| Lifetime adverse experiences | 0.067 | 0.110 | −0.150 | 0.283 | .546 | − 0.171 | 0.183 | − 0.530 | 0.188 | .351 |
Note. Continuous measures are standardized; the reported coefficients for these variables represent standardized effects (effect size d).
*
Reference category. GEE = generalized estimating equation; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit.