Table 4.
Correlates of past month prescription sedative/tranquilizer misuse by age group among those engaged in past year misuse
| 12−17 years (adolescents) (a) |
18−25 years (young adults) (b) |
26−34 years (c) |
35−49 years (d) |
50 years and older (e) |
Post Hoc Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Size | 523 | 1,543 | 687 | 541 | 262 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Sociodemographic Correlates | ||||||
| Male Sex | 1.76 (1.16−2.65)** | 1.25 (0.97−1.61) | 0.83 (0.64−1.08) | 0.99 (0.72−1.35) | 1.24 (0.76−2.03) | t = −1.53, p = 0.13 |
| White Ethnicity | 0.95 (0.68−1.35) | 1.20 (0.96−1.50) | 1.04 (0.73−1.46) | 1.33 (0.89−2.00) | 1.23 (0.70−2.15) | t = −0.33, p = 0.74 |
| Poverty | 1.04 (0.65−1.64) | 1.22 (0.91−1.63) | 1.08 (0.74−1.56) | 1.26 (0.83−1.91) | 0.96 (0.53−1.71) | t = −1.44, p = 0.15 |
| Large Metro Area | 0.65 (0.42−0.99)* | 0.69 (0.52−0.92)* | 0.57 (0.42−0.79)*** | 0.90 (0.66−1.21) | 0.82 (0.57−1.17) | t = −0.42, p = 0.68 |
| In School/College Graduate | 1.60 (0.84−3.02) | 0.60 (0.49−0.73)*** | 0.88 (0.65−1.20) | 0.66 (0.44−0.99)* | 1.03 (0.69−1.56) | t = −0.95, p = 0.35 |
| Religiosity | 1.02 (0.97−1.07) | 0.98 (0.95−1.02) | 0.98 (0.94−1.02) | 0.94 (0.91−0.99)* | 0.91 (0.86−0.96)** | t = −4.61, p < 0.001 |
| Physical Health Correlates | ||||||
| Self−reported Fair or Poor Health | 1.22 (0.54−2.76) | 1.57 (0.98−2.54) | 2.30 (1.20−4.44)* | 1.84 (1.00−3.37)* | 0.86 (0.43−1.73) | t = 0.96, p = 0.34 |
| Overweight/Obese BMI | 1.02 (0.61−1.73) | 1.14 (0.88−1.48) | 1.21 (0.76−1.91) | 0.86 (0.54−1.39) | 1.03 (0.51−2.11) | t = 0.17, p = 0.86 |
| Past−year Hospitalization | 0.77 (0.36−1.63) | 1.06 (0.66−1.68) | 1.61 (0.87−2.99) | 1.22 (0.60−2.49) | 0.79 (0.37−1.68) | t = 0.01, p = 0.99 |
| Mental Health Correlates | ||||||
| Past−year Mental Health Treatment | 0.98 (0.61−1.59) | 1.21 (0.92−1.61) | 1.36 (0.84−2.19) | 1.75 (1.01−3.06)* | 0.80 (0.40−1.60) | t = 1.32, p = 0.19 |
| Past−year Major Depression | 0.65 (0.43−0.98)* | 0.88 (0.61−1.26) | 1.25 (0.78−2.01) | 1.26 (0.77−2.07) | 0.78 (0.36−1.73) | t = 0.46, p = 0.65 |
| Past−year Serious Psychological Distress | 0.90 (0.65−1.24) | 1.57 (1.05−2.33)* | 1.32 (0.84−2.07) | 1.23 (0.56−2.74) | t = 2.31, p = 0.025 | |
| Past−year WHO Disability Assessment Scale | 1.00 (0.97−1.02) | 1.02 (0.99−1.05) | 1.02 (0.98−1.05) | 1.01 (0.96−1.07) | t = 1.48, p = 0.14 | |
| Past−year Suicidal Ideation | 0.99 (0.67−1.46) | 1.44 (0.88−2.34) | 0.94 (0.58−1.52) | 1.25 (0.55−2.56) | t = 1.38, p = 0.18 | |
| Substance Use Correlates | ||||||
| Past−month Binge Alcohol Use | 1.80 (1.11−2.93)* | 1.37 (1.02−1.83)* | 0.90 (0.61−1.32) | 1.34 (0.87−2.07) | 1.15 (0.64−2.07) | t = 0.90, p = 0.37 |
| Past−year Marijuana Use | 1.66 (0.88−3.12) | 1.29 (0.91−1.82) | 1.76 (1.22−2.54)** | 0.96 (0.56−1.66) | 0.98 (0.41−2.38) | t = 0.97, p = 0.34 |
| Past−year Opioid Use | 1.80 (0.93−3.46) | 1.68 (1.10−2.55)* | 1.16 (0.71−1.90) | 1.44 (0.91−2.29) | 1.18 (0.53−2.61) | t = 1.36, p = 0.18 |
| Past−year Stimulant Use | 1.35 (0.91−2.02) | 1.30 (0.99−1.71) | 1.42 (0.93−2.18) | 1.08 (0.64−1.82) | 0.96 (0.39−2.40) | t = 0.81, p = 0.42 |
| Past−year Opioid Misuse | 1.89 (1.06−3.37)* | 2.05 (1.45−2.90)*** | 1.85 (1.20−2.86)** | 1.97 (1.21−3.19)** | 2.99 (1.59−5.61)*** | t = 5.01, p < 0.001 |
| Past−year Stimulant Misuse | 1.79 (1.12−2.86)* | 1.30 (0.96−1.76) | 2.09 (1.38−3.17)*** | 1.56 (0.86−2.84) | 1.61 (0.43−6.02) | t = 2.51, p = 0.015 |
| Past−year DSM−IV SUD | 1.56 (0.94−2.62) | 1.64 (1.13−2.36)** | 1.53 (1.05−2.25)* | 1.48 (0.99−2.19) | 1.80 (0.88−3.70) | t = 3.34, p = 0.002 |
Source: NSDUH, 2015−16 cohorts.
Notes: BMI = Body Mass Index; WHO = World Health Organization; SUD = Substance Use Disorder
Past−year, but not past−month, misuse was coded as 0, while past−month misuse was coded as 1. Non−tranquilizer/sedative users and appropriate users were not included.
Listed odds ratios indicate the odds of the characteristic in the first column (e.g., male sex) being present in those engaged in past−month tranquilizer/sedative misuse, versus those engaged in past−year, but not past−month, misuse.