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. 2019 May 8;160(9):2136–2148. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001607

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Tibial fracture/casting recapitulates the cardinal signs of CRPS. At the time of cast removal, injured mice exhibit a decreased threshold to mechanical stimulation (A), which is significantly different from uninjured controls at 21 days and 7 weeks after injury (****P < 0.0001) and recovered to baseline at 20 weeks. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 control and n = 6 CRPS followed longitudinally). (B) After cast removal, mice demonstrate increased ipsilateral paw thickness (****P < 0.0001) and (C) increased ipsilateral limb temperature (****P < 0.0001), relative to uninjured control mice. (D) Mice further display decreased weight bearing on their affected limb compared with uninjured control (****P < 0.0001). Individual data points are shown in addition to mean + SEM (n = 6 control and n = 6 CRPS at 21 days after injury). One-way ANOVA with the Tukey multiple comparisons post hoc test (A) and unpaired t tests (B–D) were used. ANOVA, analysis of variance; CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome.