Figure 10.

Atypical PKCs control actin cytoskeleton via Cofilin activation. The Cofilin pathway is activated by atypical PKC via Slingshot, SSH. Phosphorylated Cofilin at serine-3 is inactive. Phosphatases such as SSH induces the dephosphorylation and activation of Cofilin. Activated Cofilin can then sever the mother filaments and produced free barbed ends leading to the elongation of newly formed actin filaments which are preferred for dendritic nucleation by ARP2/3 complex and globular actin. These newly formed structures push on the cell membrane to promote protrusion and motility.