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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2019 Jun;160(6):1245–1260. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001519

Table 3.

Summary of chronic pain studies included in the meta-analysis

Pain
condition		 Sex (W/M) Age (mean ±
SD/range/ S.E.M.
in years)		 Foci Stimuli MTL Finding Ref. QS
(/20)
P C P C Contrast Modality Body part P > C P < C
CD 9/16 6/19 31.72 ± 8.05 29.24 ± 6.85 2 resting state conditions L HC/ PHG [8] 19
FD 31/18 25/14 22.55 ± 1.78 22.18 ± 0.85 4 resting state conditions L PHG [80] 19
20/11 19/11 22.50 ± 1.46 22.23 ± 0.94 13 resting state conditions L HC/ PHG [79] 18
FM 6/0 8/0 53.0 ± 4.8 51.4 ± 3.9 14 FDOPA uptake < control chemical B HC [143] 18
29/0 31/0 49.8 (25-64) 46.3 (20-63) 7 incongruent > congruent stimuli stroop color word test L HC [90] 18
37/6 10/5 46.3 ± 11.4 44.1 ± 14.8 34 (1) cuff stimulation > baseline
(2) stimulus offset (still in pain)		 mechanical L lower leg (1) R HC/PHG
(2)B HC/R PHG		 [126] 17
15/0 15/0 52.07 ± 7.14 (42-64) 52.67 ± 6.23 (46-69) 1 controllability during expectation of pain > control condition controllability in reaction time task R HC [48] 19
IBS 5/3 5/3 41.3 (27-64) 39.4 (24-54) 3 rectal distention > baseline mechanical/auditory rectum R HC [5] 18
15/15 15/15 21.7 ± 3.0 21.4 ± 1.5 4 cognitive task < baseline stroop task R HC [4] 17
33/0 18/0 32.5 (20-60)/40.3 (21-60) 32.5 (21-54) 3 expectation of high distention > control mechanical rectum R HC [75] 18
11/6 11/6 36.0 ± 10.8 37.4 ± 10.2 13 analgesia > control suggestion -/conditioning enhanced placebo R PHG [76] 19
76/42 31/29 29.39 ± 9.93/35.95 ±12.97 30.65 ± 10.71/37.28 ± 10.75 3 resting state conditions R HC [55] 17
15/2 10/11 47.96 ± 3.7 34.76 ± 2.8 2 visual cue > control cue visual task with rectal distention rectum B HC [58] 19
7/14 10/11 41.82 ± 11.92 35.91 ± 14.76 8 resting state conditions R HC [83] 18
ITN 10/7 10/9 63.41 ± 7.25 62.53 ± 7.41 3 resting state conditions R PHG [139] 19
LBP 5/6 6/5 20.4 21.5 27 task picture > no task picture visual task picture B PHG [128] 19
16/15 18/13 51.8 ± 9.9 49.3 ± 8.2 2 task picture > no task picture visual task picture R HC [9] 17
Migraine 9/1 9/1 37.9 ± 4.7 37.8 ± 4.8 2 pain-related words > baseline (negative words) verbal stimuli R HC/PHG [35] 19
55/0 44/0 34.5 ± 11.0 34.3 ± 14.3 15 resting state conditions B HC [46] 19
8/3 8/3 42.5 ± 11.9 42.3 ± 11.9 2 heat pain > baseline thermal painful facial side (patients)/matched (healthy participants) R HC [106] 18
19/5 22/5 36.2 ± 11.3 33.7 ± 12.5 9 heat pain > baseline thermal L volar forearm L HC [127] 18
MOH 30/7 20/12 41.27 ± 9.27 41.34 ± 10.89 1 resting state conditions R PHG [20] 18
MPS 10/6 8/6 32.6 ± 7.2 30.6 ± 9.0 15 electrical pain > baseline electrical L shoulder B HC, L PHG [108] 16
OA 16/0 0/17 60.87 64.17 51 resting state conditions L HC/PHG [57]* 17
PD 34/0 34/0 21.5 ± 1.2 22.2 ± 1.7 5 resting state conditions L HC [63] 19
SPD 5/7 4/6 45.83 ± 14.95 35.2 ± 10.78 10 electrical pain > baseline electrical **lower leg R PHG [82] 17
11/6 11/6 44.7 ± 9.1 45.4 ± 9.2 22 pricking > baseline mechanical L lower leg B HC, L PHG [131] 15
WAD 17/4 9/9 37.0 ± 11.0 35.0 ± 9.0 15 resting state conditions B PHG [78] 17

A detailed description of 28 chronic pain studies selected for the ALE meta-analysis.

Abbreviations: ALE activation likelihood estimation, ASL arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging, B bilateral, C healthy controls, CD Crohn’s disease, FD functional dyspepsia, FDOPA 6-[18F][121] fluoro-L-dopa, FM fibromyalgia, fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging, HC hippocampus, IBS irritable bowel syndrome, ITN idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, L left, LBP lower back pain, M men, MOH medication overuse headache, MPS myofascial pain syndrome, OA osteoarthritis, P patients, PD primary dysmenorrhea, PHG parahippocampal gyrus, SPD somatoform pain disorder, R right, QS quality score, W women, WAD whiplash associated disorder.

*

ASL study, the rest of the studies used fMRI

**

laterality not specified