Table 3.

Minimal detectable differences (MDD) in serum and tissue biomarkers at β=80%, α=0.05 given a sample size of 200 (100 each in intervention and control arms)

Biomarker	Baseline Mean (SD) or n (%)	MDD
		Mean	% of mean
Primary Aim 1 - Serum
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	106.3 (12.6)	5.6	5.3%
Primary Aim 2 - Serum
C-peptide, ng/mL	1.7 (1.2)	0.54	31.6%
Insulin, pmol/L	138.0 (102.0)	45.7	33.1%
IGF-1, ng/mL	232.7 (75.4)	33.8	14.5%
IGF-BP3, ng/mL	4317.6 (975.2)	436.5	10.1%
Adiponectin, ug/mL	6.1(3.9)	1.8	29.0%
Primary Aim 3 - Tissue
Insulin receptor	30 (34)	13.9	29.2%
IGF-1 receptor	112 (80)	32.7	46.3%
AKT	128 (83)	33.9	26.5%