Table 1.
State-specific model parameters and sources
| Sources of data from India | Sources of data from outside India or approach for missing data, or both | |
|---|---|---|
| Pathogen-specific pneumonia | ||
| All-cause pneumonia deaths | Modelled estimates based on verbal autopsy studies from India7 | NA |
| Pneumonia cases | Modelled estimates based on risk factor prevalence data from India8 | NA |
| Proportion of pneumonia cases and deaths attributable to each pathogen | NA | Used global estimate with clinical trial data1 |
| Pathogen-specific meningitis | ||
| All-cause meningitis deaths* | Modelled estimates based on verbal autopsy studies from India7 | NA |
| Proportion of meningitis cases attributable to each pathogen | Meningitis surveillance: 2 studies9, 10 | Meningitis surveillance from Asia: 33 studies† |
| Pneumococcal meningitis CFR | Pneumococcal meningitis surveillance from low mortality settings: NA; medium mortality settings: NA; high mortality settings: NA, very high mortality settings: NA | Pneumococcal meningitis surveillance from low mortality settings: 36 studies; medium mortality setting: 13 studies; high mortality settings: 8 studies; very high mortality settings: 7 studies |
| Hib meningitis CFR | Hib meningitis surveillance from low mortality settings: NA; medium mortality settings: 2 studies;11, 12 high mortality settings: 1 study;13 very high mortality settings: NA | Hib meningitis surveillance from low mortality settings: 31 studies; medium mortality settings: 16 studies; high mortality settings: 4 studies; very high mortality settings: 10 studies |
| Pathogen-specific NPNM | ||
| Pneumococcal NPNM case multiplier | Severe pneumococcal disease surveillance from low or medium mortality settings: NA; high or very high mortality settings: 2 studies;14, 15 non-severe pneumococcal disease surveillance: NA | Severe pneumococcal disease surveillance from low or medium mortality settings: 26 studies; high or very high mortality settings: 4 studies; non-severe pneumococcal disease surveillance: 2 studies |
| Hib NPNM case multiplier | Hib disease surveillance from low or medium mortality settings: NA; high or very high mortality settings: NA | Hib disease surveillance from low or medium mortality settings: 26 studies; high or very high mortality settings: 3 studies |
| Pneumococcal NPNM CFR multiplier | Pneumococcal disease surveillance: NA | Pneumococcal disease surveillance: 2 studies |
| Hib NPNM CFR multiplier | Hib disease surveillance: NA | Hib disease surveillance: 5 studies |
| Population at risk and demographic model parameters | ||
| Child mortality | Unpublished modelled data based on SRS data from India | NA |
| Child population | 2001 and 2011 India census data | Interpolated and extrapolated with annual census growth rates estimates |
| Access to care for meningitis | NFHS 2, 3, and 4‡ | Linear interpolation and extrapolation |
| HIV prevalence | UNAIDS unpublished data | Apportioned HIV burden to states based on population |
| Hib vaccine coverage | Inferred from DTP3 coverage estimates from AHS, DLHS, and NFHS | Linear interpolation or extrapolation |
NA=not available. CFR=case fatality ratio. NPNM=non-pneumonia, non-meningitis. Hib=Haemophilus influenzae type b. SRS=Sample Registration System. NFHS=National Family and Household Survey. DTP3=third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. AHS=Annual Health Survey. DLHS=District Level Household Survey.
All-cause meningitis cases and all-cause NPNM cases and deaths are not used; pathogen-specific meningitis cases and pathogen-specific NPNM cases and deaths are based on pathogen-specific meningitis deaths.
Full list of citations for non-Indian studies provided in the appendix (pp 5–9).
Used data from question related to care seeking for pneumonia symptoms as a proxy for care seeking for meningitis.