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. 2019 May 20;2:189. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0435-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Design and operation of integrated microfluidic platform for EV-miRNA analysis. a The device consists of two chips, a lysing chip and concentration/sensing chip, connected by a simple transfer tube such that sample is analyzed under continuous flow. b The principle of lysing using SAWs, where the SAWs refract into the microchannel and generate an acoustic pressure that shears the EVs open. SAWs are induced by 20 interdigitated electrodes on the surface of a 128° YX lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) piezoelectric substrate with a polycarbonate microchannel attached to the surface using double-sided Kapton^® tape. c The principle of IEM concentration, where a voltage is applied between two reservoirs separated by a CEM, creating an accumulation of negative space charge, including negatively charged miRNA, upstream of the CEM. d The principle of IEM sensing, where an AEM is functionalized with oligo probe complements of a target miRNA. After miRNA hybridization, the current–voltage relationship across the AEM sensor is shifted in the over-limiting region, and the voltage shift (ΔV) can be directly correlated with miRNA concentration