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. 2019 May 20;2:189. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0435-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Representative CVCs for the integrated microfluidic platform using healthy human plasma illustrating the principle of operation for analyzing plasma EV-miRNA. The representative CVCs are for three analyses: the miR-21 oligoprobe on the IEM sensor in only buffer solution (PBS buffer), the unlysed plasma sample (free-floating), and the SAW-lysed plasma sample (total). The relative voltage shifts reflect the concentration of free-floating miR-21(ΔV ≈ 0.1 V) and total (free-floating plus EV-contained) miR-21 (ΔV ≈ 0.7 V) in healthy human plasma, respectively