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. 2019 May 21;11(2):17. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0050-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Procedures for preparing cell sheet/beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite grafts. a Preparing three cell sheet/β-TCP grafts including OM/UM/β-TCP, OM/HUVEC-UM/β-TCP, and HUVEC-UM/OM/β-TCP. b Macroscopic view of an human mesenchymal stem cell sheet on a dish (I) and a porous β-TCP scaffold (II). The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image demonstrates the morphology of β-TCP pores (III). Point forceps were used to wrap the cell sheet onto a β-TCP scaffold (IV), thus generating a HUVEC-UM/OM/β-TCP graft (V). The SEM images show a very dense extracellular matrix of cell sheets on a β-TCP scaffold (VI, VII). (Adapted from ref. ⁶² with permission. Further permissions related to the material excerpted should be directed to the ACS: https://pubs.acs.org.ccindex.cn/doi/10.1021/am502056q.)