Table 2.
Summary of the application of cell sheet technology in the bone and cartilage regeneration in vivo
| Author | Cell type | Preparation system | Scaffold/growth factor | In vivo | Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akahane | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | None | Rats (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis | 19 |
| Ma | Rabbit BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | None | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis | 77 |
| Shimizu | Human MSCs | Magnetic | None | Nude rats (cranial defects) | Osteogenesis | 78 |
| Ueyama | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | None | Rats (mandibular symphysis) | Osteogenesis | 79 |
| Nakamura | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | None | Rats (femoral fracture) | Osteogenesis | 81 |
| Shimizu | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | None | Rats (femoral fracture) | Osteogenesis | 82 |
| Zhou | Porcine BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | PCL-CaP | Nude rats (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis | 84 |
| Ma | Rabbit BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rabbits (subcutaneous and mandibular fracture) | Osteogenesis | 83 |
| Ueha | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rats (femoral defects) | Osteogenesis | 85 |
| Lin | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP/COL-I | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis | 86 |
| Akahane | Old rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rats (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis | 87 |
| Xie | Human ESMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Temperature-responsive | PSeD | Rats (calvarial defects) | Osteogenesis | 21 |
| Shan | Canine BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Temperature-responsive | PLGA | Canine (mandibular defects) | Osteogenesis | 88 |
| Liu | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Not mentioned | CBB | Osteoporotic rats (calvarial defects) | Osteogenesis | 89 |
| Long | Mouse BMSCs | Temperature-responsive | Devitalised allograft | Mice (femoral defects) | Osteogenesis | 90 |
| Qi | Rat BMSCs | Mechanical | CaP/PRP | Rats (femoral defects) | Osteogenesis | 92 |
| Dang | Human BMSCs | Not mentioned | TGF-β1 and BMP-2 | Rats (calvarial defects) | Osteogenesis | 94 |
| Ren | Human BMSCs and HUVECs | Mechanical | None | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | 96 |
| Ren | Human BMSCs (undifferentiated and osteogenic) and HUVECs | Mechanical | None | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | 97 |
| Mendes | Human BMSCs (osteogenic and CD146 pericytes) and HUVECs | Temperature-responsive | TGF-β1 | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | 99 |
| Zhang | Rabbit adipose-derived MSCs (osteogenic and endothelial induction) | Mechanical | CHA | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | ## |
| Nakano | Rat BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rats (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | ## |
| Ma | Rabbit BMSCs (osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rabbits (muscular pockets) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | ## |
| Kang | Human MSCs (undifferentiated and osteogenic) and HUVECs | Mechanical | β-TCP | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | 62 |
| Zhang | Rat BMSCs (undifferentiated and endothelial and osteogenic induction) | Mechanical | β-TCP | Rats (calvarial defects) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis | ## |
| Kaneshiro | Rabbit chondrocytes (multilayer) | Temperature-responsive | None | Rabbits (femoral condyle) | Chondrogenesis | ## |
| Yano | mouse/canine chondrocytes and human BMSCs | Temperature-responsive | TD-198946 | Mice/canine/NODSCID mice (femoral condyle) | Chondrogenesis | ## |
| Ebihara | Minipig chondrocytes (multilayer) | Temperature-responsive | None | Minipigs (femoral condyle) | Chondrogenesis | 43 |
| Ito | Rabbit chondrocytes and synovial cells (multilayer) | Temperature-responsive | None | Rabbits (femoral patellar groove) | Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis | 44 |
| Wang | Minipig chondrocytes and BMSCs | Mechanical | PCL/HA | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis | 64 |
| Wang | Minipig chondrocytes and BMSCs | Mechanical | PCL/HA | Minipigs (subcutaneous and intramuscular) | Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis | 22 |
| Zhang | Human DPSCs | Magnetic | BMP-2 and TGF-β3 | Nude mice (subcutaneous) | Osteogenesis and angiogenesis and chondrogenesis | 68 |
BMP-2 bone morphogenetic protein 2; BMSC bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; CaP calcium phosphate; DPSC dental pulp stem cell; HA hydroxyapatite; HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cell; MSC mesenchymal stem cell; PCL polycaprolactone; PRP platelet-rich plasma; TCP tricalcium phosphate; TGF transforming growth factor