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. 2019 May 20;10:2223. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10231-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Formation of template and its directed polymer assembly and crosslinking. a Synthesis of alginate-DM2 macromer via click chemistry. b UV/Vis absorption spectra of alginate and alginate-DM2 macromer. c Size and zeta potential analysis of particles during the formation of the template and BCW using dynamic light scattering. Tem, template; PLL, polylysine; Alg, alginate. To explicitly show the generation of the template and BCW, 500 nm particles (NP) were used in the dynamic light scattering experiment during the construction of the template and BCW. All of other experiments were conducted with 5 μm particles to mimic cells unless otherwise noticed. Both particles were tethered with DNA initiators through the streptavidin-biotin interaction. d Fluorescence imaging of the particle suspension. Red: alginate-Cy5; yellow: polylysine-Cy3. e Examination of the stability of the template and BCW. Template-covered or BCW-covered particles were incubated in fetal bovine serum (10%) and then analyzed at predetermined time points with flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation as indicated by error bars (n = 3)