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. 2019 May 20;10:2223. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10231-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Synthesis and characterization of BCW on mammalian cells. a Schematic comparison between the framing template and the one-unit structure. b Examination of the template on the cell surface using flow cytometry. DM1 was labeled with FAM and alginate was labeled with Cy5. c Effect of reaction time on alginate assembly. d Confocal fluorescence images of the template on the cell surface. e Schematic illustration and confocal fluorescence images of BCW on live cells. DM1, alginate, and polylysine were labeled with FAM, Cy5, and Cy3, respectively. A representative line was drawn horizontally through the center of the cell for showing fluorescence distribution. Scale bar: 30 μm. f Zeta potential of the cell surface at each step during the formation of BCW. Tem, template; PLL, polylysine; Alg, alginate. g Examination of BCW on the cell surface using TEM. Cytosol is represented by C and nucleus is represented by N. BCW is indicated by the arrows. Scale bar: 500 nm. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation as indicated by error bars (n = 3)