Table 1.
Example protocols of tolDCs in T1D and extent of their preclinical testing.
| tolDC propagation | Modification | Culture condition | Stabilization | Unloaded/Ag1/Ag2 | Ag dose | Cell dose | App. route and scheme | Model | Prevention | Pre-diabetic | Cure | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | No | FCS | No | Yes/insulin B9-23 /GAD6578−97 /GAD65260−279 | 3 μM | 1 × 105 | S.c. (footpad) 3 times, weekly or 3 times, weekly + every other week | NOD | Yes | Yes | – | (65) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | Vitamin D2/Dex on day 6 | FBS/serum-free | MPLA | Yes/GAD65/OVA/GAD65 peptide no. 35 | 1 μg or 2μg/ml | 3 × 106 | I.p. | NOD | Yes | – | – | (42) |
| NOD-SCID | ||||||||||||
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | Microspheres with antisense oligos. CD40/CD80/CD86 | FBS | No | Yes/insulin B9-23 | 5 μg | 2 × 106 | S.c. 8 times, weekly | NOD | – | – | Yes | (64) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | Antisense oligos. CD40/CD80/CD86 | FBS | LPS | Yes/no | n.a. | 2 × 106 | S.c. (abdominal) single or 8 times, weekly | NOD | – | – | Yes | (63) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | No | FBS/serum-free | No | No/GAD65217−236 | 10 μg/ml | 1 × 105 | I.v. 5 times, weekly | NOD | Yes | – | – | (66) |
| GM-CSF | No | FBS | No | Yes/NIT-1 apoptotic bodies | 3 × 105 cells | 1 × 106 | I.p. | NOD | – | – | No | (68) |
| GM-CSF | No | FCS | No | Yes/no | n.a. | 1 × 106 | I.p. i.v. 3 times, weekly | NOD-DQ8 RIP- B7.1 | Yes | – | – | (39) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | ||||||||||||
| GM-GSF+IL-10 | 3 × 106 | I.v. | NOD-SCID | |||||||||
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | IL-4 transduced DCs (electroporated) | FCS | No | Yes/no | n.a. | 1 × 106 | I.v. | NOD | – | Yes | Yes | (53) |
| GM-CSF+IL-10 | No | FBS/normal mouse serum | No | Yes/2 peptides (insulin B9-23+insulin B15-23) | 10 μg/ml | 1 × 106 | I.p. | NOD | Yes | – | – | (43) |
| GM-CSF | No | FBS | No | Yes/NIT-1 or SV-T2 apoptotic bodies | 3 × 105 cells | 1 × 106 | I.p. | NOD RIP-IFN.β | Yes | – | – | (44) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | No | FCS | No | Yes/insulin B9-23 /proinsulin C19-A3/GAD6578−97 | 3 μM | 1 × 105 | S.c. (footpad) 3 times, weekly | NOD | Yes | – | – | (45) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | Antisense oligos. CD40/CD80/CD86 | FBS | LPS | Yes/NIT-1 lyzate | n.a. | 2 × 106 | I.p. | NOD | Yes | – | – | (36) |
| GM-CSF+IL-4 | IL-4 transduced DCs (adenoviral vector) | FBS | No | Yes/no | n.a. | 4–5 × 105 | I.v. single or 2 times, weekly | NOD | Yes | Yes | – | (54) |
| GM-CSF or GM-CSF+IL-4 | No | FBS | No | Yes/3 peptides (hsp60437−460 +GAD65509−528 +GAD65524−543) | 3 × 60 μg/ml | 4–8 × 105 | I.v. 3 times, weekly | NOD | Yes | – | – | (37) |