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. 2019 May 14;10:510. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00510

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Deprotonated structures of IRDye800CW, the most used conjugated fluorophore in clinical trials, and other commonly used NIR fluorophores for FIGS, with values for wavelengths of maximal excitation and emission in PBS. The names of all clinically evaluated fluorophores are displayed in bold. *S0456 values measured in MeOH, CH1055 values measured for the PEGylated form. (B) Random conjugation of an NHS-functionalized fluorophore (yellow) on the primary amines of a protein targeting ligand (gray). A mix with fluorophores conjugated to different positions is obtained. (C) Site-specific conjugation of a maleimide-functionalized fluorophore (yellow) on a C-terminal sulfhydryl residue of a protein targeting ligand (gray). The final tracer has a single fluorophore per targeting moiety. Chemical structures were drawn using MarvinSketch 19.2 (ChemAxon, Budapest, Hungary).