Table 2.
Overview of genetic variations in the major histocompatibility complex associated with hypersensitivity to antiretrovirals and antibiotics. SJS = Stevens-Johnson syndrome, TEN = toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS = drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, SCAR = severe cutaneous adverse reaction, DILI = drug-induced liver injury, ABC-HSS = abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome.
| Allele | Ethnicity | Odds ratio | Adverse reaction | Cases | Controls | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abacavir | ||||||
| HLA-B*5701 | Australian | 960 | ABC-HSS | 18 | 230 tolerant controls | (Martin et al., 2004) |
| 117 | ABC-HSS | 18 | 167 tolerant controls | (Mallal et al., 2002) | ||
| White | 55.7 | ABC-HSS | 202 | 486 tolerant controls | CTR Summary for MDC - GSK Clinical Study Register (2007) | |
| 30.4 | ABC-HSS | 61 | 657 tolerant controls | (Mallal et al., 2008) | ||
| Spanish | 44.3 | ABC-HSS | 22 | 70 tolerant controls | CTR Summary for MDC - GSK Clinical Study Register (2007) | |
| 19.1 | ABC-HSS | 26 | 27 tolerant controls | (Rodríguez-Nóvoa et al., 2007) | ||
| Caucasian | 7.9 | ABC-HSS | 13 | 51 tolerant controls | (Hughes et al., 2004) | |
| Self-identified white | 1945 | ABC-HSS | 42 | 202 tolerant controls | (Saag et al., 2008) | |
| Black | 8.4 | ABC-HSS | 21 | 67 tolerant controls | CTR Summary for MDC - GSK Clinical Study Register (2007) | |
| Self-identified black | 900 | ABC-HSS | 5 | 206 tolerant controls | (Saag et al., 2008) | |
| Thai | 263.6 | ABC-HSS | 7 | 102 tolerant controls | CTR Summary for MDC - GSK Clinical Study Register (2007) | |
| Multiethnic group | 23.6 | ABC-HSS | 84 | 113 tolerant controls | (Hetherington et al., 2002) | |
| 6.9 | ABC-HSS | 9 | 41 tolerant controls | (Stekler et al., 2006) | ||
| Nevirapine | ||||||
| HLA-B*1402 | Sardinian | 14.6 | DRESS | 13 | 36 tolerant controls | (Littera et al., 2006) |
| HLA-B*35 | Asian | 3.5 | SCAR | 71 | 227 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) |
| Thai | 5.7 | SCAR | 52 | 173 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | |
| HLA-B*3505 | Thai | 19 | CAR | 143 | 181 tolerant controls | (Chantarangsu et al., 2009) |
| HLA-B*5801 | South African | 3.15 | DILI | 53 | 106 tolerant controls | (Phillips et al., 2013) |
| HLA-C*0401 | Sub-Saharan African | 4.8 | SJS/TEN | 267 | 250 tolerant controls | (Carr et al., 2017) |
| Malawian | 17.5 | SJS/TEN | 36 | 155 tolerant controls | (Carr et al., 2013) | |
| HLA-DRB1*0101 | Australian | 17.7 | DRESS | 14 | 221 tolerant controls | (Martin et al., 2005) |
| HLA-DRB1*0102 | South African | 4.3 | DILI | 54 | 103 tolerant controls | (Phillips et al., 2013) |
| HLA-DRB1*01 | French | 70 | CAR | 6 | 15 tolerant controls | (Vitezica et al., 2008) |
| White | 3 | DILI | 57 | 277 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | |
| HLA-Cw*04 | Thai | 3.2 | CAR | 78 | 120 tolerant controls | (Likanonsakul et al., 2009) |
| 2.4 | SCAR | 52 | 179 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | ||
| Asian | 2.6 | SCAR | 71 | 233 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | |
| Black | 5.2 | SCAR | 27 | 77 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | |
| White | 1.9 | SCAR | 77 | 277 tolerant controls | (Yuan et al., 2011) | |
| HLA-Cw*08 | Japanese | 6.2 | DRESS | 12 | 29 tolerant controls | (Gatanaga et al., 2007) |
| Sulfamethoxazole | ||||||
| HLA-A30 | Turkey | 3.9 | Fixed drug eruption | 67 | 2378 general population | (Ozkaya-Bayazit & Akar, 2001) |
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 3.9 | SJS/TEN | 43 | 91 tolerant controls | (Kongpan et al., 2015) |
| HLA-B*3801 | European | 4.3 | SJS/TEN | 25 | 1822 general population | (Lonjou et al., 2008) |
| HLA-B*3802 | European | 76 | SJS/TEN | 25 | 1822 general population | (Lonjou et al., 2008) |
| HLA-C*0602 | Thai | 11.8 | SJS/TEN | 43 | 91 tolerant controls | (Kongpan et al., 2015) |
| HLA-C*0801 | Thai | 3.4 | SJS/TEN | 43 | 91 tolerant controls | (Kongpan et al., 2015) |
| Dapsone | ||||||
| HLA-B*1301 | Thai | 60.8 | DRESS | 11 | 29 tolerant controls | (Tempark et al., 2017) |
| 40.5 | SJS/TEN | 4 | 29 tolerant controls | (Tempark et al., 2017) | ||
| Chinese | 122.1 | DRESS | 20 | 102 tolerant controls | (Wang et al., 2013) | |
| 49.6 | DRESS | 7 | 677 general population | (Chen et al., 2018) | ||
| 20.5 | DRESS | 76 | 1034 general population | (Zhang et al., 2013) | ||
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 28 | SJS/TEN | 4 | 29 tolerant controls | (Tempark et al., 2017) |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | ||||||
| HLA-DRB1*07 | British | 0.18 | DILI | 61 | 40 tolerant controls | (Donaldson et al., 2010) |
| HLA-DRB1*1501 | Scottish | 9.3 | DILI | 20 | 134 tolerant controls | (O'Donohue et al., 2000) |
| Belgian | 7.6 | DILI | 35 | 60 general population | (Hautekeete et al., 1999) | |
| HLA-DQB1*0602 | Belgian | 12 | DILI | 35 | 60 general population | (Hautekeete et al., 1999) |
| European | 4.2 | DILI | 177 | 219 general population | (Lucena et al., 2011) | |
| Flucloxacillin | ||||||
| HLA-B*5701 | European | 80.6 | DILI | 51 | 64 tolerant controls | (Daly et al., 2009) |
| Minocycline | ||||||
| HLA-B*3502 | Caucasian | 29.6 | DILI | 25 | 6835 general population | (Urban et al., 2017) |
| Erythromycin | ||||||
| HLA-A*3301 | European | 10.2 | DILI | 10 | 10,588 general population | (Nicoletti et al., 2017) |
| Terbinafine | ||||||
| HLA-A*3301 | European | 40.5 | DILI | 14 | 10,588 general population | (Nicoletti et al., 2017) |