Table 3.
Overview of genetic variations in the major histocompatibility complex associated with hypersensitivity to antiepileptics. SJS = Stevens-Johnson syndrome, TEN = toxic epidermal necrolysis, MPE = maculopapular exanthema, DRESS = drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, SCAR = severe cutaneous adverse reaction, DIHS = drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.
| Allele |
Ethnicity |
Odds ratio |
Adverse reaction |
Cases |
Controls |
Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbamazepine | ||||||
| Carbamazepine and HLA-B*1502 | ||||||
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 75.4 | SJS/TEN | 34 | 40 tolerant controls | (Kulkantrakorn et al., 2012) |
| 54.8 | SJS/TEN | 42 | 42 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2010) | ||
| 25.5 | SJS/TEN | 6 | 50 tolerant controls | (Locharernkul et al., 2008) | ||
| 7.27 | MPE | 17 | 271 tolerant controls | (Sukasem et al., 2018) | ||
| Chinese | 2504 | SJS/TEN | 44 | 101 tolerant controls | (Chung et al., 2004) | |
| 1357 | SJS/TEN | 60 | 144 tolerant controls | (Hung et al., 2006) | ||
| 184 | SJS/TEN | 8 | 50 tolerant controls | (Wu et al., 2010) | ||
| 152 | SJS/TEN | 17 | 21 tolerant controls | (Zhang et al., 2011) | ||
| 114.8 | SJS/TEN | 9 | 80 tolerant controls | (Wang et al., 2011) | ||
| 97.6 | SJS/TEN | 112 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) | ||
| 89.3 | SJS/TEN | 26 | 135 tolerant controls | (Cheung et al., 2013) | ||
| 58.1 | SJS/TEN | 53 | 72 tolerant controls | (Genin et al., 2014) | ||
| 12.4 | SJS/TEN | 56 | 179 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) | ||
| Hongkong Chinese | 89.3 | SJS/TEN | 26 | 135 tolerant controls | (Kwan Ng, & Lo, 2014) | |
| Korean | 40.3 | SJS/TEN | 7 | 485 general population | (Kim et al., 2011) | |
| Malaysian | 16.2 | SJS/TEN | 16 | 300 tolerant controls | (Chang Too, Murad, & Hussein, 2011) | |
| Vietnamese | 33.8 | SJS/TEN | 35 | 25 tolerant controls | (Nguyen et al., 2015) | |
| Indian | 71.4 | SJS/TEN | 8 | 10 general population | (Mehta et al., 2009) | |
| Multiethnic group | 168 | SJS/TEN | 6 | 7 tolerant controls | (Then Rani, Raymond, Ratnaningrum, & Jamal 2011) | |
| Carbamazepine and HLA-A*3101 | ||||||
| HLA-A*3101 | European | 57.6 | DRESS | 10 | 257 tolerant controls | (Genin et al., 2014) |
| 25.9 | SJS/TEN | 12 | 257 general population | (McCormack et al., 2011) | ||
| 12.4 | DRESS | 27 | 257 general population | (McCormack et al., 2011) | ||
| 8.3 | MPE | 106 | 257 general population | (McCormack et al., 2011) | ||
| Chinese | 23 | DRESS | 10 | 72 tolerant controls | (Genin et al., 2014) | |
| 17.5 | MPE | 18 | 144 tolerant controls | (Hung et al., 2006) | ||
| 6.4 | DIHS | 13 | 144 tolerant controls | (Hung et al., 2006) | ||
| Japanese | 33.9 | SJS/TEN | 6 | 420 tolerant controls | (Ozeki et al., 2011) | |
| 9.5 | SCAR | 77 | 420 tolerant controls | (Ozeki et al., 2011) | ||
| Korean | 12.4 | HSS | 17 | 485 general population | (Kim et al., 2011) | |
| 10.3 | SCAR | 24 | 485 general population | (Kim et al., 2011) | ||
| 6.5 | SJS | 7 | 485 general population | (Kim et al., 2011) | ||
| Carbamazepine and other class I HLAs | ||||||
| HLA-A*0201 | Chinese | 3.6 | MPE | 40 | 52 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) |
| HLA-A*2402 | Chinese | 2.3 | SJS/TEN | 56 | 178 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) |
| HLA-A31 | Japanese | 11.2 | SJS/TEN or DIHS | 15 | 33 tolerant controls | (Niihara et al., 2012) |
| HLA-B*1511 | Chinese | 30.8 | SJS/TEN | 56 | 179 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) |
| Japanese | 9.8 | SJS/TEN | 11 | 493 general population | (Kaniwa et al., 2010) | |
| Korean | 18.4 | SJS | 7 | 485 general population | (Kim et al., 2011) | |
| HLA-B*1521 | Thai | 9.5 | SJS/TEN | 16 | 271 tolerant controls | (Sukasem et al., 2018) |
| HLA-B*4001 | Chinese | 0.16 | DRESS | 23 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) |
| 0.22 | SJS/TEN | 112 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) | ||
| HLA-B*4801 | Chinese | 14.4 | DRESS | 23 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) |
| HLA-B*5101 | Chinese | 4.9 | MPE | 51 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) |
| 3.9 | DRESS | 23 | 152 tolerant controls | (Hsiao et al., 2014) | ||
| HLA-B*5801 | Thai | 7.6 | DRESS | 5 | 271 tolerant controls | (Sukasem et al., 2018) |
| Chinese | 0.24 | MPE | 40 | 52 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) | |
| HLA-C*0801 | Chinese | 11.8 | SJS/TEN | 55 | 177 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) |
| Carbamazepine and other class II HLAs | ||||||
| HLA-DRB1*0101 | Chinese | 14 | SJS/TEN | 54 | 176 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) |
| HLA-DRB1*0301 | Chinese | 0.22 | MPE | 40 | 52 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) |
| HLA-DRB1*1202 | Chinese | 11.4 | SJS/TEN | 60 | 144 tolerant controls | (Hung et al., 2006) |
| 3.4 | SJS/TEN | 54 | 176 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) | ||
| HLA-DRB1*1405 | Chinese | 22.1 | MPE | 40 | 52 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) |
| HLA-Cw*0801 | Chinese | 86.8 | SJS/TEN | 60 | 144 tolerant controls | (Hung et al., 2006) |
| Phenytoin | ||||||
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 18.5 | SJS | 4 | 50 tolerant controls | (Locharernkul et al., 2008) |
| Malaysian | 5.7 | SJS/TEN | 13 | 32 tolerant controls | (Chang et al., 2017) | |
| Multiethnic group | 5 | SJS/TEN | 48 | 130 tolerant controls | (Chung et al., 2014) | |
| HLA-B*5101 | Thai | 4.8 | SJS/TEN | 39 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| 5.2 | DRESS | 21 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) | ||
| HLA-A*0201 | Thai | 3.9 | SCAR | 60 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| Chinese | 11.7 | SJS/TEN | 13 | 40 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) | |
| HLA-A*2402 | Chinese | 6 | SJS/TEN | 13 | 40 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) |
| HLA-A*3303 | Thai | 2.7 | SJS/TEN | 39 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| HLA-B*1513 | Malaysian | 59 | DRESS | 3 | 32 tolerant controls | (Chang et al., 2017) |
| 11.3 | SJS/TEN | 13 | 32 tolerant controls | (Chang et al., 2017) | ||
| HLA-B*3802 | Thai | 3.2 | SCAR | 60 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| HLA-B*5602 | Thai | 8.3 | SCAR | 60 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| HLA-B*5801 | Thai | 3.2 | SJS/TEN | 39 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| HLA-C*1402 | Thai | 5.9 | SCAR | 60 | 92 tolerant controls | (Tassaneeyakul et al., 2016) |
| Oxcarbazepine | ||||||
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 49 | SJS | 3 | 99 general population | (Chen et al., 2017) |
| Chinese | 27.9 | SJS | 17 | 101 tolerant controls | (Chen et al., 2017) | |
| 6.4 | MPE | 9 | 9 tolerant controls | (Hu et al., 2011) | ||
| HLA-B*1501 | Korean | 0.18 | MPE | 40 | 70 tolerant controls | (Moon et al., 2016) |
| HLA-B*3802 | Chinese | 3.2 | MPE | 28 | 56 tolerant controls | (Lv et al., 2013) |
| HLA-B*4002 | Korean | 4.3 | MPE | 40 | 70 tolerant controls | (Moon et al., 2016) |
| HLA-DRB1*0403 | Korean | 14.6 | MPE | 40 | 70 tolerant controls | (Moon et al., 2016) |
| Lamotrigine | ||||||
| HLA-A*0207 | Thai | 7.8 | SCAR | 15 | 50 tolerant controls | (Koomdee et al., 2017) |
| HLA-A*2402 | Spanish | 49 | DRESS | 3 | 10 tolerant controls | (Ramírez et al., 2017) |
| Chinese | 4.5 | SJS/TEN | 22 | 102 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2017) | |
| Korean | 4.1 | MPE | 21 | 29 tolerant controls | (Moon et al., 2015) | |
| HLA-A*3001 | Chinese | 14.3 | MPE | 43 | 44 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) |
| HLA-A*3101 | Korean | 11.4 | SCAR | 18 | 29 tolerant controls | (Kim et al., 2017) |
| HLA-B*1502 | Thai | 4.9 | SCAR | 15 | 50 tolerant controls | (Koomdee et al., 2017) |
| Chinese | 3.3 | SJS/TEN | 6 | 30 tolerant controls | (Cheung et al., 2013) | |
| 4.2 | SJS/TEN | 9 | 123 tolerant controls | (Shi et al., 2011) | ||
| HLA-B*1302 | Chinese | 14.3 | MPE | 43 | 44 tolerant controls | (Li et al., 2013) |