Long-term effect of MSC-dressing therapy in a rat heart failure model. Four weeks after left coronary artery ligation, rats received MSC-dressing therapy (containing 4 × 106 rat amnion-derived MSCs; DR-4m group), IM injection of 4 × 106 rat amnion-derived MSCs (IM-4m group), or no treatment (Sham group). At 90 days after these treatments, cardiac function and structure were measured by using echocardiography (a) and cardiac catheterization (b). LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, n = 9–10 in each group; *p < 0.05 vs. Sham group, †p < 0.05 vs. IM-4m group. One-way ANOVA.