Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
| No CAN (n = 59) | CAN (n = 51) | Crude P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||||
| Age (year) | 62.2 ± 8.8 | 67.2 ± 7.6 | 0.002** | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 34/25 | 31/20 | 0.74 | ||
| Diabetes duration (year) | 17.4 ± 5.8 | 17.4 ± 6.3 | 1.0 | ||
| Body mass index | 25.6 ± 3.3 | 26.2 ± 3.7 | 0.35 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 140.5 ± 19.7 | 144.4 ± 19.1 | 0.29 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 11.4 | 75.5 ± 11.2 | 0.65 | ||
| Baseline underlying disease | |||||
| Retinopathy, n (%) | 2 (3%) | 43 (84%) | <0.0001*** | 731.1 (67.9–7869.3) | <0.0001*** |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 38 (64%) | 37 (73%) | 0.21 | ||
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 10 (17%) | 11 (22%) | 0.54 | ||
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 13 (22%) | 12 (24%) | 0.85 | ||
| Laboratory test findings | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 152.9 ± 27.8 | 157.1 ± 27.4 | 0.43 | ||
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 133.1 ± 75.4 | 142.0 ± 73.9 | 0.54 | ||
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 55.7 ± 14.9 | 49.2 ± 13.0 | 0.02* | ||
| LDL-C (mmol L) | 70.9 ± 24.8 | 80.7 ± 25.4 | 0.04* | ||
| Index HbA1c (%) 6.9 ± 0.9 7.4 ± 0.9 7.3 ± 1.1 7.4 ± 1.3 0.171 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 0.01* | ||
| Mean HbA1c (%) | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 0.009** | ||
| HbA1c-SD (%) | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.003** | 10.1 (1.90–54.4) | 0.007** |
| HbA1c-CV | 9.0 ± 4.8 | 12.1 ± 7.4 | 0.009** | ||
| Type of diabetes treatment | |||||
| OHA only | 37 | 28 | 0.71 | ||
| Insulin only | 14 | 26 | |||
| No treatment | 2 | 4 | |||
| Other concomitant medications | |||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 40 | 41 | 0.57 | ||
| Beta-blocker | 16 | 16 | 0.76 | ||
| Calcium channel blocker | 21 | 18 | 0.31 | ||
| Diuretics | 27 | 23 | 0.23 | ||
| Lipid-lowering medications | 40 | 40 | 0.45 | ||
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or n (%). ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001. CAN, cardiac autonomic neuropathy; n, number of cases; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin; CV, coefficient of variation; SD: standard deviations; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.