Table 3.
Baseline characteristics and 90 day outcomes according to antibiotic class exposure in any infection.
| Lincosamides and tetracyclines | Cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams | Aminoglycosides | Fluoroquinolones | Penicillins | Penicillin plus β-lactamase inhibitors | Other* | Macrolides | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 180 | 815 | 165 | 930 | 315 | 873 | 670 | 142 |
| Median (IQR) age (y) | 74 (63 to 80) | 73 (65 to 80) | 73 (67 to 79) | 74 (66 to 80) | 75 (65 to 80) | 74 (65 to 80) | 75 (67 to 81) | 71 (62 to 79) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 73 (41%) | 363 (45%) | 59 (36%) | 505 (54%) | 158 (50%) | 385 (44%) | 384 (57%) | 61 (43%) |
| Median (IQR) NIHSS | 17 (12 to 20) | 15 (11 to 19) | 16 (12 to 19) | 14 (11 to 19) | 15 (11 to 19) | 15 (11 to 19) | 15 (11 to 19) | 13 (9 to 18) |
| Median (IQR) time to first infection (d) | 4 (2 to 8) | 5 (2 to 8) | 6 (3 to 12) | 5 (3 to 10) | 7 (4 to 17) | 4 (2 to 7) | 6 (3 to 15) | 5 (2 to 11) |
| IV thrombolysis, n (%) | 43 (24%) | 187 (23%) | 30 (18%) | 267 (29%) | 73 (23%) | 248 (28%) | 179 (27%) | 36 (25%) |
| Mean (SD) pre-stroke mRS | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.7) |
| Median (IQR) glucose (mmol/L) | 7.4 (5.9 to 9.1) | 6.8 (5.8 to 8.9) | 7.3 (6.1 to 8.5) | 6.8 (5.9 to 8.4) | 6.7 (5.8 to 8.6) | 7.2 (5.9 to 9.2) | 6.7 (5.8 to 8.3) | 6.5 (5.7 to 7.9) |
| Prior statin, n (%) | 8 (4%) | 62 (8%) | 11 (7%) | 66 (7%) | 22 (7%) | 58 (7%) | 60 (9%) | 4 (3%) |
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||||||
| Previous stroke | 33 (19%) | 146 (19%) | 31 (19%) | 156 (17%) | 50 (17%) | 149 (18%) | 148 (23%) | 28 (20%) |
| Previous TIA | 15 (9%) | 62 (8%) | 13 (8%) | 77 (9%) | 22 (7%) | 68 (8%) | 59 (9%) | 9 (6%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 49 (27%) | 189 (23%) | 42 (25%) | 195 (21%) | 68 (22%) | 222 (25%) | 155 (23%) | 23 (16%) |
| Hypertension | 108 (60%) | 518 (65%) | 117 (71%) | 607 (66%) | 195 (64%) | 557 (65%) | 460 (69%) | 69 (49%) |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 25 (14%) | 98 (12%) | 31 (19%) | 113 (12%) | 35 (11%) | 104 (12%) | 87 (13%) | 17 (12%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 60 (35%) | 216 (29%) | 47 (30%) | 243 (28%) | 92 (32%) | 234 (28%) | 172 (28%) | 34 (25%) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 23 (13%) | 107 (13%) | 14 (8%) | 121 (13%) | 39 (12%) | 51 (6%) | 56 (8%) | 10 (7%) |
| Smoker | 31 (17%) | 153 (19%) | 28 (17%) | 160 (17%) | 61 (19%) | 105 (12%) | 140 (21%) | 27 (19%) |
| 90 day outcomes, median (IQR) | ||||||||
| mRS | 5 (4 to 6) | 4 (3 to 6) | 5 (4 to 6) | 4 (3 to 5) | 4 (3 to 5) | 4 (3 to 6) | 4 (3 to 6) | 3 (2 to 5) |
| BI | 0 (0 to 45) | 10 (0 to 65) | 0 (0 to 45) | 40 (0 to 85) | 25 (0 to 75) | 20 (0 to 75) | 15 (0 to 70) | 65 (0 to 95) |
| NIHSS | 19 (8 to 42) | 14 (6 to 42) | 20 (8 to 42) | 9 (3 to 36) | 11 (4 to 42) | 12 (5 to 42) | 12 (4 to 42) | 7.5 (3 to 42) |
| 90 day case fatality, n (%) | 69 (39%) | 271 (33%) | 64 (39%) | 203 (22%) | 63 (20%) | 264 (31%) | 180 (27%) | 32 (23%) |
*
Other includes sulphonamides/folic acid inhibitors, metronidazole, glycopeptides, and nitrofurans.
NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; TIA, transient ischemic attack; BI, Barthel Index.