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. 2019 Apr 20;9(4):e027249. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027249

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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Penalised spline modelling the omega-3–PTB relationship. (A) Country-level omega-3 intake norms among females are on the x-axis and country-level preterm birth rates are on the y-axis. Each vertical dash below the spline on the x-axis represents a single country, allowing the figure to convey data density throughout the exposure distribution. The shape of the spline is most certain in the areas of greatest data density. (B) Same as panel A except the Maldives were excluded, and the threshold is unchanged. LC omega-3 PUFA, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; PTB, preterm birth.