Table 4.

Impact of preoperative exclusive enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and operative data

Authors; EEN/no-EEN patients, n	Medication withdrawal	Univariate analysis, p	Clinical impact	Univariate analysis, p	Impact on serum variables	Univariate analysis, p	Emergent surgery, %	Univariate analysis, p	Operative time, min	Uni- variate analysis, p
Li et al. [57]; 219*/332 †, 29 ‡, 128 §	Group 4* had > drug-free interval than groups 2† and 3 ‡	<0.001	Group 4 had > ↑ in BMI than groups 1§ and 3	0.003§, 0.03‡	N/A	−	Group 4 – 6.4 Group 2 – 51.7 Group 3 – 20.3	<0.001‡, <0.05§	Group 4 – 122 Group 1 – 132 Group 2 – 140 Group 3 – 129	ns
Heerasing et al. [58]; 38/76	No	−	No (weight and BMI)	ns	> ↓ in CRP	0.02	N/R	−	EEN 3 h vs. no-EEN patients 3.5 h	<0.001
Beaupel et al. [59]; 35/21	CSTs – 62.5% of patients	−	No (weight loss >10%, BMI, and complicated CD)	ns	> ↑ in albumin and > ↓ in ESR and CRP	<0.05 and <0.001	N/A		N/R
Zhu et al. [60]; 46/28	N/R	−	N/R		> ↑ in albumin and > ↓ in CRP and ESR	<0.05/<0.001 and <0.001/<0.001 and <0.001	N/A	−	EEN 204 vs. no-EEN patients 198	ns

EEN, exclusive enteral nutrition; >, higher; ↑, increase; BMI, body mass index; N/A, not available; ↓, decrease; CRP, C-reactive protein; N/R, not reported; CST, corticosteroid; CD, Crohn's disease; <, lower; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

^*Group 4 - preoperative EEN and immunosuppressant-free interval (CSTs, immunomodulators, and biologics) less than 8 weeks.

^†Group 2 - immunosuppressant therapy at surgery.

^‡Group 3 - preoperative immunosuppressant-free interval less than 8 weeks.

^§Group 1 - preoperative immunosuppressant-free interval more than 8 weeks.