Figure 1.

Example experimental condition with arsenic as the constituent, and skull image and FDA logo both present. For this experiment, we manipulated the constituent of the message (arsenic vs. lead), whether the message has an image (smoky image background vs. not) and the source of the message (FDA vs. not). For the constituent, the message could either be related to arsenic (presented in the figure) or lead (with text stated “Cigarette smoke contains lead. This causes brain disorders.”). All messages had the “Contains” brand and “Ready to be tobacco free? You can quit. For free help, go to smokefree.gov.”