Table 5:

Marginal effects of receiving family care on acute care utilization and spending; adding additional CCDE Controls

	Panel A: Naïve		Panel B: Reduced Form		Panel C: IV Model
Family Involvement	Marginal Effect	95% CI	Marginal Effect	95% CI	Marginal Effect	95% CI
First Stage					0.0391***	[−0.146,0.0294]
Utilization
Any ER Use	−0.0571**	[−0.103,−0.0113]	−0.0199*	[−0.0434,0.00366]	−0.0584	[−0.146,0.0294]
Inpatient Days
Any Inpatient Days	−0.0960***	[−0.148,−0.0436]	−0.00868	[−0.0347,0.0173]	−0.0923*	[−0.191,0.00662]
Number of Inpatient Days	−2.567***	[−3.696,−1.438]	−0.405	[−1.056,0.246]	−0.948	[−3.158,1.261]
Medicaid Inpatient Spending
Any Medicaid Inpatient Spending	−0.0815***	[−0.132,−0.0306]	−0.0111	[−0.0366,0.0144]	−0.0995**	[−0.195,−0.00374
# Months with Inpatient $	−0.208***	[−0.302,−0.113]	−0.0245	[−0.0757,0.0267]	−0.177*	[−0.361,0.00695]
Medicaid Inpatient $	−369.2**	[−683.2,−55.27]	−148.9*	[−325.0,27.17]	−92.39	[−737.7,553.0]
Health Outcomes
Health Poor	−0.0221	[−0.0794,0.0351]	−0.0257*	[−0.0563,0.00484]	−0.0875	[−0.204,0.0293]
Urinary Tract Infection	−0.0308	[−0.0766,0.0149]	−0.0301**	[−0.0544,−0.00585]	−0.0158	[−0.110,0.0781]
Respiratory Infection	−0.0499*	[−0.101,0.00125]	−0.0268*	[−0.0543,0.000767]	−0.110**	[−0.213,−0.00703]
Bedsores	−0.0466***	[−0.0764,−0.0168]	−0.0181**	[−0.0346,−0.00154]	−0.0863***	[−0.146,−0.0270]
Contractures	0.0137	[−0.0356,0.0630]	−0.0367***	[−0.0625,−0.0109]	0.0505	[−0.0508,0.152]
Shortness of Breath	−0.0177	[−0.0698,0.0344]	−0.0568***	[−0.0850,−0.0286]	−0.0494	[−0.158,0.0593]

Note: The significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% are denoted by ***, **, and *, respectively. 95% confidence intervals in brackets. All regressions include all controls included in table 3, plus CCDE-related controls, including the amount spent on counseling, hospice, skilled nursing facilities, and home health, total home care hours, and the ratio of paid care to total home care hours.