Table 6:

Marginal effects of Counseling on acute care utilization and spending among those without family care

	Panel A: Naïve		Panel B: Reduced Form		Panel C: IV Model
$ spent on Counseling (in $1,000s)	Marginal Effect	95% CI	Marginal Effect	95% CI	Marginal Effect	95% CI
First Stage					0.558***	[0.4000,0.717]
Utilization
Any ER Use	0.0286*	[0.00781,0.0495]	0.00165	[−0.0869,0.0902]	−0.00213	[−0.059,0.0552]
Inpatient Days
Any Inpatient Days	0.0206	[−0.00414,0.0453]	−0.000237	[−0.0989,0.0984]	−0.000870	[−0.064,0.0627]
Number of Inpatient Days	−0.117	[−0.839,0.605]	−2.552	[−6.515,1.410]	−1.66	[−4.239,0.923]
Medicaid Inpatient Spending
Any Medicaid Inpatient Spending	0.0112	[−0.0123,0.0347]	−0.0182	[−0.115,0.0783]	−0.0123	[−0.0745,0.05]
# Months with Inpatient $	−0.0162	[−0.0621,0.0298]	−0.197	[−0.410,0.0170]	−0.126	[−0.265,0.0125]
Medicaid Inpatient $	166.6	[−65.62,398.9]	−46.56	[−780.3,687.1]	−74.36	[−524.4,375.7]
Health Outcomes
Health Poor	0.00549	[−0.0214,0.0324]	0.00865	[−0.0929,0.110]	0.00540	[−0.060,0.0709]
Urinary Tract Infection	−0.00910	[−0.0349,0.0167]	−0.00390	[−0.0913,0.0835]	−0.00345	[−0.0599,0.053]
Respiratory Infection	−0.00216	[−0.0292,0.0249]	−0.0205	[−0.117,0.0756]	−0.0132	[−0.075,0.0487]
Bedsores	0.00358	[−0.0124,0.0195]	−0.00722	[−0.0714,0.0570]	−0.00458	[−0.0457,0.037]
Contractures	0.0103	[−0.0112,0.0317]	−0.0116	[−0.101,0.0776]	−0.00941	[−0.067,0.0485]
Shortness of Breath	0.00417	[−0.0225,0.0308]	−0.00219	[−0.102,0.0979]	−0.00168	[−0.066,0.0629]

Note: The significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% are denoted by ***, **, and *, respectively. 95% confidence intervals in brackets. All regressions include the same controls as Table 3. The sample is limited to the 397 beneficiaries that do not have family involved in their home care.