Fig. 3.

Association between acute kidney injury and neurocognitive recovery in children following severe malaria. Bar graphs showing the frequency of neurocognitive impairment in children with cerebral malaria (a) or severe malarial anemia (b). Neurocognitive impairment was defined as a gross deficit on the neurologic exam or an age-adjusted z score more than two standard deviations below the mean. Data analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001. c. Odds ratio of neurocognitive impairment (95% CI) associated with acute kidney injury from logistic regression models, 1 week post-discharge and 1- and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted models included child age, sex, height- and weight-for-age z score, parental education, child schooling, an assessment of enrichment in the home environment, socioeconomic status, disease severity on presentation, the presence of coma, and number of seizures during hospitalization and parenteral antimalarial treatment (quinine vs. artemisinin derivative). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001 following adjustment for multiple comparisons