Table 1.
Association of LVI with clinicopathological characteristics
| N(%) variables | All patients | LVI absent | LVI present | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Patients | 891 | 705(79.1) | 186(20.9) | |
| Age | 0.125 | |||
| < 50 | 100(11.2) | 85(85.0) | 15(15.0) | |
| ≥ 50 | 791(88.8) | 620(78.4) | 171(21.6) | |
| T stage | < 0.001 | |||
| Tx + Ta + T1 | 457(51.3) | 416(91.0) | 41(9.0) | |
| T2 | 242(27.2) | 186(76.9) | 56(23.1) | |
| T3 | 178(20.0) | 94(52.8) | 84(47.2) | |
| T4 | 14(1.6) | 9(64.3) | 5(35.7) | |
| Lymph nodes status | < 0.001 | |||
| Nx | 21(2.4) | 13(61.9) | 8(38.1) | |
| N0 | 704(79.0) | 595(84.5) | 109(15.5) | |
| N1-N3 | 166(18.6) | 97(58.4) | 69(41.6) | |
| Grade | < 0.001 | |||
| G1 | 242(27.2) | 222(91.7) | 20(8.3) | |
| G2 | 462(51.9) | 372(80.5) | 90(19.5) | |
| G3 + G4 | 187(21.0) | 111(59.4) | 76(40.6) | |
| Distant metastasis | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 864(97.0) | 691(80.0) | 173(20.0) | |
| Yes | 27(3.0) | 14(51.9) | 13(48.1) | |
| Regional lymph nodes removed | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 683(76.7) | 572(83.7) | 111(16.3) | |
| Yes | 208(23.3) | 133(63.9) | 75(36.1) | |
| Surgery | 0.004 | |||
| Non-radical surgery | 853(95.7) | 682(80.0) | 171(20.0) | |
| Radical surgery | 38(4.3) | 23(60.5) | 15(39.5) |
LVI lymphovascular invasion; SCCP squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Significant values in bold