Fig. 3.

ESC-Exos enhanced angiogenesis and ameliorated vascular endothelial cell senescence in the wound sites of aged mice. a Micro-CT images of blood vessel formation in pressure ulcer wounds from the indicated groups at 14 days after initial treatment. n = 3 per group. b Quantification analysis of the number of blood vessels. n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged-PBS versus control group; ^###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged-PBS group. c IHC staining of CD31 of wound sections at 7 and 14 days after initial treatment. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Statistical results from c. n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged-PBS versus control group; ^###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged-PBS group. e IF staining against CD31 and α-SMA. Endothelial cells (CD31), smooth muscle cells (α-SMA), and cell nuclei were stained red, green, and blue, respectively, at 7 and 14 days after initial treatment. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. f Statistical results from e. n = 3 per group. **P < 0.01 Aged-PBS versus control group; ^##P < 0.01; ^#P < 0.05 Aged-Exos versus Aged-PBS group. g IF staining against CD31 and P16. Endothelial cells (CD31), senescent cells (P16), and cell nuclei were stained red, green, and blue, respectively, at 14 days after initial treatment. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm