Table 3.
Summery of included studies which reported the relationship of pediatric blood pressure and smoking
| Author, year; country | Type of survey | Study type | Total sample | Sexa | Age | Type of BP | Smoking definition | Type of exposer | BP measurements method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belfort, 2012; USA [43] | Local | Cohort | 694 | NR | 6.5 | SBP | Smoking during pregnancy | Pregnancy | Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Blake, 2000; Australia [44] | Regional | Cohort | 702 | NR | 6 | SBP | Smoking at 18 weeks gestation | Pregnancy | Two times measurement of BP using a semi-automatic oscillometric device |
| Brambilla, 2015; Italy [45] | National | Cross-section | 1294 | NR | 7 to 13 | SBP and DBP | NR | Passive (domestic) | Three times measurement of BP using a manual sphygmomanometer device |
| Brion, 2007; UK [46] | Local | Cohort | 6509 | 3281 | 7.7 | SBP and DBP | Smoking at 18 weeks gestation | Pregnancy | Two times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Byeon, 2007; South Korea [47] | Local | Cross-section | 127 | 82 | 10 to 13 | SBP and DBP | Current smoking | Active | Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Garoufi, 2017; Greece [48] | Local | Cross-section | 736 | 366 | 12 to 18 | SBP and DBP | Smoking for at least 1 month | Active | Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Giussani, 2013; Italy [34] | Regional | Cross-section | 1310 | 682 | 5 to 14 | SBP | Having one parent with smoking habit | Passive (domestic) | Two times measurement of BP using a aneroid sphygmomanometer device |
| Hogberg, 2012; Sweden [49] | National | Cohort | 92,730 | 92,730 | 17 to 19 | SBP and DBP | At least 1 cigarette per day | Pregnancy | Single measurement of BP using automatic and manual sphygmomanometer devices |
| Katona, 2010; Hungary [50] | Local | Cross-section | 10,194 | 5163 | 16.6 | SBP and DBP | NR | Active | Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Kollias, 2009; Greece [51] | Local | Cross-section | 1008 | 480 | 12 to 17 | SBP and DBP | At least 1 cigarette per day | Active | Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Lawlor, 2004; Australia [52] | Local | Cohort | 3864 | NR | 5 | SBP | Smoking at 18 weeks gestation | Pregnancy | Two times measurement of BP using an digital sphygmomanometer device |
| Oken, 2005; USA [53] | Local | Cohort | 746 | 373 | 3 | SBP | Current smoking | Pregnancy | Up to 5 times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device |
| Rostand, 2005; USA [54] | Local | Cross-section | 262 | 149 | 5 | SBP | NR | Pregnancy | Single measurement of BP using a mercury sphygmomanometer device |
| Simonetti, 2011; Germany [42] | National | Cross-section | 4236 | 2181 | 4 to 7.5 | SBP and DBP | Current smoking | Pregnancy and domestic | Three times measurement of BP using an auscultatory aneroid sphygmomanometry device |
| van den Berg, 2013; Netherland [41] | Local | Cohort | 3024 | 1521 | 5 to 6 | SBP and DBP | NR | Pregnancy and domestic | Two or three times measurement of BP using an automatic sphygmomanometer device |
| Wen, 2011; USA [55] | National | Cohort | 30,441 | 15,031 | 7 | SBP | At least 1 cigarette per day | Pregnancy | Two times measurement of BP using a digital oscillometric device |
| Yang, 2013; Canada [56] | National | Cohort | 13,889 | 7173 | 6.5 | SBP and DBP | At least 1 cigarette per day | Pregnancy and domestic | Single measurement of BP using a manual sphygmomanometer device |
aMale sex (number of children); BP Blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, NA Not applicable; NR Not reported, SBP Systolic blood pressure