Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects
| Controls (n = 263) | Diabetics (n = 486) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women (%) | 58.2 | 51.5 | 0.081 |
| Parent diabetes (%) | 30.4 | 96.1 | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms at the diagnosis (%) | – | – | |
| Asymptomatic | 58.1 | ||
| Diabetic symptom | 32.5 | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 8.1 | ||
| Diabetic complication | 1.3 | ||
| Treatment (%) | – | – | |
| Diet | 20.1 | ||
| Oral antidiabetic | 32.1 | ||
| İnsulin | 47.8 | ||
| Age at diagnosis (year)a | – | 24.08 ± 4.82 | – |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 27.01 ± 3.29 | 27.88 ± 5.72 | 0.109 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)a | 124.70 ± 11.15 | 125.31 ± 11.82 | 0.823 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)a | 76.64 ± 7.21 | 75.61 ± 7.86 | 0.374 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl)a | 80.68 ± 9.37 | 151.75 ± 74.12 | < 0.001 |
| Postprandial glucose (mg/dl)a | – | 252.92 ± 110.97 | – |
| LDL (mg/dl)a | 96.90 ± 20.75 | 107.99 ± 36.98 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dl)a | 99.51 ± 51.64 | 204.46 ± 203.21 | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl)a | 159.18 ± 27.68 | 193.55 ± 87.46 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dl)a | 51.33 ± 16.96 | 44.16 ± 14.07 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl)a | 0.88 ± 0.89 | 1.24 ± 8.91 | 0.018 |
| HbA1c (%)a | 5.31 ± 0.10 | 8.21 ± 2.41 | < 0.001 |
| TSHa | 1.74 ± 1.01 | 2.78 ± 8.73 | 0.142 |
| HsCRPa | 3.30 ± 2.98 | 4.08 ± 3.96 | 0.101 |
| C-peptide (nmol/L)a | – | 2.47 ± 1.79 | – |
| Microalbuminuriaa | 11.96 ± 13.65 | 94.86 ± 348.40 | < 0.001 |
BMI body mass index, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, BP blood pressure
aStudent’s t test was used for normally distributed continuous variables or log-transformed variables between two groups
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (means ± SD) and percentage (%)
Bold represents the significant p-values
Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate