Table 3.

Differences between mean scores of medical students’ (n = 46) professional competencies in four occasions in PBL tutorials. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA and using Bonferroni test for post hoc comparisons. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of the mean scores

Competencies	Number of occasions				Effect size (ηp2)
	Occasion 1	Occasion 2	Occasion 3	Occasion 4
Interpersonal competencies	3.87 ± 0.84	4.00 ± 0.47	4.35 ± 0.36**	4.11 ± 0.54	0.19
Cognitive competencies	3.74 ± 0.52	3.89 ± 0.52	4.02 ± 0.60*	4.11 ± 0.54**	0.15
Professional behavior	3.77 ± 0.49	3.97 ± 0.47*	4.35 ± 0.36**	4.34 ± 0.41**	0.44

* = p < 0.05 and ** = p = < 0.001