Table 1.

Characteristics of study population based on urinary cortisol mode.

	Low-mode (n = 433)	High-mode (n = 141)	β	P value
Age (years)	45.3 ± 10.6	47.7 ± 8.6	2.4	0.03
Sex (female, %)	49.7	44.0	−5.7	0.24
Race (white %)	88.7	89.3	0.6	0.84
BMI (kg/m2)	28 ± 4	28 ± 4	0	0.55
SBP (mmHg)	136 ± 24	145 ± 20	9	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	81 ± 14	86 ± 12	5	<0.001
UFC (µg/24 h)	34 ± 10	76 ± 25	42	<0.001
Hypertension (%)*	64.1	86.6	22.5	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	89 ± 16	93 ± 12	4	0.01
TC (mg/dL)	186 ± 39	200 ± 38	14	<0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	45 ± 19	42 ± 13	−3	0.09
LDL (mg/dL)	114 ± 35	128 ± 36	14	<0.001
TG (mg/dL)	143 ± 101	143 ± 98	0	0.98
Statin use (%)	5.8	8.1	2.3	0.52
Current smoker (%)	10.4	9.0	−1.4	0.62

Values are represented as means ± s.d. for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Comparisons across urinary cortisol modes were performed using Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Fisher exact for binary variables.

*Hypertension was defined as a seated diastolic blood pressure of ≥100 mmHg off antihypertensive medications or ≥90 mmHg if taking one or more antihypertensive medication.

BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UFC, urinary-free cortisol.