Table 2.

Patient characteristic, fasting plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at baseline and during 24 months of following a Paleolithic diet (n = 26) or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (n = 23). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Values within parentheses indicate number (n).

	Paleolithic diet			Control diet
	Baseline	6 months	24 months	Baseline	6 months	24 months
Age (years)	61 ± 1			61 ± 1
Weight, kg	85.5 ± 2.1 (26)	76.2 ± 2.1(25)***,###	77.3 ± 2.3 (26)*,###	84.9 ± 1.6 (23)	80.1 ± 1.8 (23)###	80.1 ± 2.0 (22)###
BMI, kg/m2	32.5 ± 0.8 (26)	28.9 ± 0.8 (25)***,###	29.3 ± 0.8 (26)*,###	32.1 ± 0.5 (23)	30.3 ± 0.6 (23)###	30.4 ± 0.7 (22)###
Fat mass, kg	39.2 ± 1.5 (26)	31.9 ± 1.5 (26)***,###	33.8 ± 1.6 (23)*,###	39.2 ± 1.1 (23)	35.3 ± 1.4 (23)###	35.7 ± 1.5 (22)###
Fasting plasma BHB†	3.8 ± 0.7 (25)	5.8 ± 1.3 (25)*,#	5.3 ± 0.9 (21)	3.0 ± 0.4 (22)	3.4 ± 0.8 (21)	4.1 ± 1.1 (22)
Fasting NEFA (mmol/L)	0.48 ± 0.04 (26)	0.42 ± 0.03 (26)	0.40 ± 0.04 (26)	0.50 ± 0.03 (23)	0.45 ± 0.03 (23)	0.45 ± 0.04 (22)

*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 for the difference between diet groups. ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 for the within-group change over time vs baseline. ^†Values represent relative concentration.